X, A, 6 Pratt: Persistence of Philippine Coal Beds 291 



length. Ramon Marty, an engineer employed by the company, 

 states that 130 meters of gallery were driven at a level 11 meters 

 below the surface and 188 meters of gallery at a level of 24 

 meters below the surface, beside the 6 shafts mentioned by 

 Centeno. No faults were encountered, but the width of the coal 

 varied from 4 to 8 meters, and there were zones near the surface 

 in which the coal was broken and contaminated with fragments 

 from the walls. Marty observed that the deepest workings 

 were in good, solid coal and concluded that the broken condition 

 of the coal was superficial only. 



The coal was considered to be of excellent quality, 200 tons 

 of it having been used for steaming tests by the Spanish navy. 

 It was admitted, however, that the fuel tended to disintegrate, 

 or slack, upon exposure. Both Centeno and Marty thought that 

 mining could be carried on successfully and expressed no doubt 

 as to the adequacy of the tonnage probably available. Never- 

 theless, very little was accomplished subsequent to the date of 

 the reports quoted above. The company. La Paz, failed, ap- 

 parently because of a lack of capital, and the mines were 

 abandoned. 



I visited the old mines in 1910, and while nothing remained 

 of the former workings I found several outcrops, upon one of 

 which a short tunnel had recently been driven. This bed is 

 vertical and strikes north 20° west; its full width was not 

 revealed but must exceed 2 meters. The tunnel was about 10 

 meters long and entirely in coal, neither wall being exposed. 

 The coal appeared to be much contaminated with clay along 

 fractures and in inclosed blocks or horses. 



It may be concluded that the coal at San Esteban (designated 

 variously as the Gatbo coal, the Sugud coal, and the Bacon coal) 

 shows evidence of faulting in the broken condition of parts of 

 the beds. The variation in width, also, may be due to the 

 movements which caused the faults or it may be due to irregular- 

 ities in deposition. The testimony of the Spanish engineers that 

 conditions improved with depth suggests that faulting, not 

 irregular deposition, is really the cause of the nonuniformity 

 encountered, and the exploration so far as it goes indicates per- 

 sistent coal beds. 



Spanish engineers, also, directed important explorations of 

 coal beds at Danao, Compostela, Guilaguila, and Uling in the 

 Province of Cebu. The workings at Danao (barrio of Camansi) 

 aggregated several thousand lineal meters and perhaps 10,000 

 square meters of rooms. Three or four different beds appear 

 to have been explored, the thickness of which is from 0.5 to 1.5 



