292 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 



meters on an average. A number of faults were encountered, 

 and with few exceptions the coal was not recovered beyond the 

 faults. On the other hand, the beds are fairly constant in 

 thickness, and no evidence of irregularities due to the character 

 of the original deposition is recorded. 



At Compostela, also, numerous tunnels were driven and rooms 

 were opened, the work done being about equal in the aggregate 

 to that at Camansi, Danao. Two beds were exploited, both of 

 which were regular and in the neighborhood of 1 meter in 

 thickness. Two faults were encountered, one of which was of 

 minor importance and caused little trouble, while the other cut 

 off the coal so effectually that it was not again located. The 

 sketches in fig. 1, taken from annual reports of Enrique Abella 

 y Casariego, chief inspector of mines at that time, illustrate the 

 effect of the smaller fault. 



The coal is of the same character at Camansi and Compostela 

 and ranks as a superior subbituminous coal. It was used satis- 

 factorily as a steaming coal. The attempts at mining en- 

 countered difficulties on account of faults, but did not reveal any 

 evidence of the pinching out of the beds, even though they were 

 not of great thickness. 



Spanish mining at Guilaguila, on the other hand, demonstrated 

 that a bed of coal from 1 to 2 meters in thickness changed its 

 character within a short distance to a series of thin layers 

 intercalated with rock. However, the deposits at Guilaguila 

 are known to overlie very closely the basement upon which the 

 coal-bearing rocks were deposited, and it is not surprising that 

 the conditions for deposition were rapidly changing and in- 

 constant. The work at Guilaguila was carried on by the Spanish 

 Government about the year 1853. 



At Uling, Cebu, the Spaniards executed their most valuable 

 work of exploration. There are several (probably five) beds of 

 coal outcropping on the eastern slope of Mount Uling and dipping 

 at an angle of from 30° to 40° west-northwest into the mountain. 

 One of these beds, the outcrop of which is about 100 meters 

 vertically above the level of the base of the mountain, is 5 meters 

 thick at the surface. Doiia Margarita Roxas, a most energetic 

 woman, undertook the exploitation of this coal bed about 1860. 

 She built 15 kilometers of mountain road extending from Tinaan 

 on the coast to Alpaco, where she was carrying on other ex- 

 ploratory work, and thence north to Mount Uling. Having dis- 

 covered by openings on the outcrop that the large bed was 

 faulted near the surface, but that the faulted coal was intact and 

 continuous for some distance beyond the fault, she determined 



