X, A, 6 



Gana: Leather Industry of the Philippines 



359 



very ineffective, especially so since the tanner often fails to 

 detect decay until it has proceeded beyond remedy. 



The obvious measures to be taken to prevent this difficulty con- 

 sist simply in greater cleanliness during the entire process. Tan 

 pits, handling floors, and the like should be frequently cleaned 

 and disinfected. Water free from pollution or unusual amounts 

 of mineral matter is also a necessity. The river, on which the 

 tanneries of Meycauayan are located, flows into Manila Bay and 

 is subject to tidal variation. It is, therefore, decidedly brackish 

 and falls far short of what is to be desired in a water for this 

 purpose. Table IX presents an analysis of this water. 



Table IX. — Analysis of Meycauayan River ivater. 



[Numbere represent parts per million.] 



Physical characters 



Reaction 

 Total solids 

 Appearance on ignition 



Free or saline ammonia 



Organic or albuminoid ammonia 



Oxygen consumed 



Chlorine 



Equivalent to common salt 



Nitrogen as nitrates 



Nitrogen as nitrites 



Silica (SiOj) 



Oxides of iron and aluminium (prac- 

 tically all Al). 



Oxide of calcium (CaO) 



Oxide of magnesium (MgO) 



Sulphuric anhydride (SO3) 



Total hardness: 

 Permanent 

 Temporary 



Bicarbonic acid radical (HCO3) 



Carbonic acid radical (CO:,) 



Free carbon dioxide (CO.) 



brownish yellow with 

 salt taste 



alkaline 



52,672.0 



blackening and evolu- 

 tion of hydrochloric 

 acid 



0.37 



0.68 



50.00 



26,284.4 



43,31.3.7 



trace 



nil 



25.6 



21.0 



809.0 

 2,909.3 

 2,706.7 

 8,663.7 

 8,571.2 

 92.5 

 142.1 

 nil 

 4.4 



Aside from the large amount of mineral matter present, this 

 water is also objectionable on account of the large quantities of 

 putrefying organic matter ordinarily found in it. A loop of 

 water invariably produced liquefaction in serum and gelatin 

 tubes within forty-eight hours' incubation at ordinary temper- 

 ature. 



Table X gives the analysis of a typical sample of water from 



