360 The Philippine Journal of Science lais 



surface wells in this locality such as are used for making up 

 tan liquors. 



Table X. — Analysis of water from a surface well at Meycauayan. 



[Numbers represent parts per million.] 



Physical character normal 



Reaction neutral 



Total solids 946.0 



Appearance on ignition evolution of hydro- 

 chloric acid 



Free or saline ammonia 0.048 



Organic or albuminoid ammonia 0.068 



Clorine 203.6 



Nitrogen as nitrates trace 



Nitrogen as nitrites 0.016 



Silica (SiO.) 39.7 

 Oxides of iron and aluminium 48.0 



(largely AI) . 



Oxides of calcium (CaO) 165.0 



Oxides of magnesium (MgO) 20.6 



Sulphuric anhydride (SO3) 41.1 



Bicarbonic acid radical (HCO3) 179.2 



Free carbon dioxide (CO2) 13.2 



Total hardness: 486.6 



Permanent • 351.0 



Temporary 135.6 



Analyses of the liquors used at various stages of the process 

 show very clearly the progress of putrefaction and loss of hide 

 substance. The lime used is made by burning sea shells; it 

 has a total alkalinity equivalent to about 70 per cent calcium 

 hydroxide. An analysis of a typical lime liquor, after removal 

 of the hides, is shown in Table XI. 



Table XI. — Lime liquor from a Filipino tannery after removal of the hides. 



Grams per 100 cubic 

 centimeters. 



Nitrogen as ammonia • 0.0457 



Equivalent hide substance 0.266 



Total hide substance 0.987 



Unchanged hide substance 0.721 



These figures show that nearly 8 kilograms of dissolved hide 

 substance are lost from each pack of twenty hides weighing ap- 

 proximately 230 kilograms, which is equivalent to about 3.5 per 

 cent of the weight of the hides. 



Fresh lime liquors about 2 days old are almost sterile, but 

 easily become contaminated by the surface drainage. When 1 

 week old a loopful of lime liquor will liquefy gelatin within six 



