﻿596 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  Dr 
  F. 
  J. 
  H. 
  Merrill 
  describes 
  in 
  detail 
  the 
  formations 
  exposed 
  

   on 
  the 
  island, 
  and 
  mentions 
  the 
  insufficiency 
  of 
  data 
  necessary 
  to 
  

   afford 
  definite 
  conclusions 
  concerning 
  the 
  sequence 
  of 
  geologic 
  

   events. 
  Examinations 
  of 
  the 
  various 
  clay 
  outcrops 
  on 
  the 
  island 
  

   since 
  made 
  show 
  that 
  eight 
  years 
  have 
  made 
  considerable 
  changes 
  ; 
  

   permitting 
  the 
  collection 
  of 
  additional 
  data 
  and 
  obliterating 
  many 
  

   localities 
  described 
  by 
  him. 
  With 
  the 
  exception 
  of 
  four 
  similar 
  

   deposits 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  shore, 
  all 
  the 
  clay 
  beds 
  as 
  exposed 
  at 
  the 
  

   brick 
  yards 
  are 
  rather 
  unique 
  in 
  appearance. 
  

  

  The 
  most 
  western 
  clay 
  outcrop 
  on 
  Long 
  Island, 
  of 
  which 
  the 
  

   writer 
  has 
  any 
  knowledge, 
  is 
  on 
  Elm 
  point 
  near 
  Greatneck.^ 
  

   There 
  is 
  here 
  a 
  bed 
  of 
  stoneware 
  clay 
  over 
  30 
  feet 
  thick, 
  overlain 
  

   by 
  15 
  to 
  20 
  feet 
  of 
  yellow 
  gravel 
  and 
  drift. 
  The 
  clay 
  is 
  dark 
  

   gray 
  and 
  contains 
  streaks 
  of 
  lignite 
  in 
  a 
  good 
  state 
  of 
  preservation. 
  

   In 
  appearance 
  the 
  clay 
  resembles 
  the 
  Cretaceous 
  ones 
  of 
  'New 
  

   Jersey 
  and 
  will 
  doubtless 
  prove 
  to 
  be 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  age. 
  The 
  over- 
  

   lying 
  yellow 
  gravel 
  contains 
  sandstone 
  concretions 
  and 
  also 
  sand- 
  

   stone 
  fragments 
  containing 
  Cretaceous 
  leaves.^ 
  

  

  There 
  is 
  an 
  outcrop 
  of 
  clay 
  at 
  Glencove 
  on 
  the 
  east 
  shore 
  of 
  

   Hempstead 
  harbor, 
  at 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  Mosquito 
  inlet. 
  This 
  has 
  

   long 
  been 
  considered 
  of 
  Cretaceous 
  age 
  from 
  the 
  plant 
  remains 
  

   found^ 
  in 
  sandstone 
  fragments 
  embedded 
  in 
  the 
  clay. 
  The 
  layers 
  

   of 
  the 
  latter 
  are 
  blue, 
  red, 
  black 
  or 
  yellow, 
  and 
  dip 
  northeast 
  

   10°-15°. 
  'Neav 
  this 
  locality 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  south 
  shore 
  of 
  Mosquito 
  

   inlet 
  is 
  an 
  outcrop 
  of 
  pink 
  clay, 
  belonging 
  to 
  Carpenter 
  Bros, 
  

   and 
  used 
  for 
  fire 
  brick 
  and 
  stoneware. 
  Dipping 
  under 
  it 
  to 
  the 
  

   north 
  at 
  an 
  angle 
  of 
  30° 
  is 
  a 
  bed 
  of 
  alternating 
  layers 
  of 
  quartz 
  

   pebbles 
  and 
  clay. 
  The 
  pebbles 
  crush 
  easily 
  to 
  a 
  white 
  powder. 
  

   Associated 
  with 
  this 
  clay 
  is 
  a 
  bed 
  of 
  feldspathic 
  clay 
  called 
  *' 
  kaolin,'^ 
  

   but 
  the 
  exact 
  relations 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  deposits 
  are 
  not 
  known. 
  And 
  

   similar 
  clay 
  also 
  crops 
  out 
  from 
  under 
  the 
  gravels 
  of 
  the 
  west 
  shore 
  

  

  1 
  H. 
  Ries, 
  " 
  Notes 
  on 
  the 
  clays 
  of 
  New 
  York 
  state/' 
  Trans. 
  N. 
  Y. 
  acad. 
  sci.y 
  

   12. 
  

  

  2 
  C. 
  L. 
  Pollard, 
  " 
  Note 
  on 
  Cretaceous 
  leaves 
  from 
  Elm 
  point, 
  L. 
  I.," 
  Trans. 
  

   N. 
  Y. 
  acad. 
  sci., 
  13. 
  

  

  3 
  A. 
  Hollick, 
  Trans. 
  N. 
  Y. 
  acad. 
  sci., 
  12. 
  

  

  