﻿CLAYS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  597 
  

  

  of 
  Hempstead 
  harbor. 
  Carpenter's 
  clay 
  resembles 
  that 
  of 
  Cretace- 
  

   ous 
  age 
  found 
  on 
  Staten 
  Island, 
  but 
  its 
  age 
  has 
  yet 
  to 
  be 
  proven. 
  

   The 
  sandstone 
  fragments 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  clay 
  across 
  the 
  inlet 
  are 
  found 
  

   along 
  the 
  shore 
  of 
  it 
  to 
  Carpenter's 
  clay 
  bank, 
  but 
  none 
  are 
  found 
  

   in 
  it. 
  Dr. 
  Merrill 
  has 
  found 
  plant 
  remains 
  in 
  this 
  clay, 
  but 
  they 
  

   were 
  not 
  sufficiently 
  well 
  preserved 
  for 
  identification. 
  {See 
  paper 
  

   previously 
  cited.) 
  A 
  microscopic 
  examination 
  of 
  the 
  clay 
  revealed 
  

   the 
  presence 
  of 
  the 
  following 
  diatoms; 
  all 
  freshwater 
  forms: 
  

  

  Melosira 
  granulata 
  (Ehr.) 
  Ralfs 
  

  

  Stephanodiscus 
  Xiagarae 
  (Ehr.) 
  

  

  Diatom 
  a 
  hyemale 
  (?)K. 
  B. 
  

  

  A 
  deposit 
  of 
  gray 
  sandy 
  clay 
  30 
  feet 
  thick 
  was 
  uncovered 
  on 
  the 
  

   north 
  ,of 
  Mosquito 
  inlet 
  in 
  the 
  spring 
  of 
  1898, 
  on 
  the 
  property 
  

   of 
  Mrs 
  Helen 
  McKenzie, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  distinctly 
  different 
  in 
  its 
  char- 
  

   acter 
  from 
  that 
  on 
  the 
  south 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  inlet. 
  

  

  On 
  Center 
  island 
  in 
  Oyster 
  bay 
  we 
  find 
  the 
  most 
  western 
  of 
  

   a 
  series 
  of 
  clay 
  beds 
  which 
  bear 
  a 
  great 
  similarity 
  to 
  each 
  other. 
  

   The 
  others 
  are 
  on 
  West 
  neck, 
  at 
  Freshpond 
  and 
  on 
  Fisher's 
  island. 
  

   The 
  clay 
  on 
  'Center 
  island 
  consists 
  of 
  two 
  kinds, 
  a 
  lower 
  bluish 
  

   clay 
  and 
  an 
  upper 
  brown 
  sandy 
  clay. 
  Overlying 
  this 
  latter 
  is 
  a 
  

   stratified 
  sand. 
  The 
  layers 
  of 
  clay 
  undulate 
  in 
  several 
  direc- 
  

   tions. 
  Dr 
  Merrill 
  mentions 
  the 
  occurrence, 
  1 
  mile 
  north 
  of 
  

   this 
  clay 
  pit, 
  of 
  a 
  bed 
  of 
  white 
  fire 
  clay 
  at 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  25 
  feet 
  

   under 
  the 
  drift 
  and 
  sand. 
  The 
  only 
  organism 
  thus 
  far 
  met 
  in 
  

   this 
  clay 
  is 
  one 
  species 
  of 
  diatom, 
  viz, 
  Stephanodiscus 
  

   Kiagarae 
  (Ehr.), 
  and 
  a 
  curious 
  spiny 
  hair. 
  

  

  At 
  Jones's 
  brick 
  yard 
  on 
  the 
  east 
  shore 
  of 
  Coldspring 
  harbor 
  

   is 
  a 
  thick 
  deposit 
  of 
  clay. 
  The 
  lower 
  portion 
  is 
  tough 
  and 
  con- 
  

   tains 
  little 
  sand. 
  The 
  upper 
  portion 
  is 
  much 
  more 
  sandy 
  and 
  of 
  

   a 
  browTi 
  color. 
  The 
  clay 
  bank 
  is 
  over 
  100 
  feet 
  in 
  hight, 
  the 
  layers 
  

   having 
  been 
  folded 
  under 
  the 
  pressure 
  of 
  the 
  advancing 
  ice 
  sheet. 
  

   A 
  layer 
  of 
  diatomaceous 
  clay 
  occurs 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  clay 
  

   bank; 
  its 
  position 
  is 
  shown 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  section 
  given 
  by 
  Dr. 
  

   Merrill.^ 
  

  

  1 
  Ann. 
  N. 
  Y. 
  acad. 
  sci. 
  1884. 
  

  

  