﻿CLAYS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  

  

  603 
  

  

  The 
  latter 
  resembles 
  P 
  a 
  1 
  i 
  u 
  r 
  u 
  s 
  C 
  o 
  1 
  u 
  m 
  b 
  i 
  (Heer) 
  ; 
  a 
  

   Tertiary 
  species 
  (Fl. 
  foss, 
  arct. 
  1 
  : 
  122, 
  pi. 
  17, 
  fig. 
  2), 
  but 
  is 
  much 
  

   smaller 
  and 
  very 
  probably 
  a 
  new 
  species. 
  The 
  above 
  species 
  are 
  

   the 
  same 
  as 
  those 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  middle 
  Cretaceous 
  clays 
  of 
  Staten 
  

   Island 
  X. 
  Y., 
  and 
  Perth 
  Amboy, 
  ]^. 
  J. 
  

  

  Three 
  species 
  of 
  diatoms, 
  all 
  fresh 
  water 
  forms, 
  were 
  also 
  dis- 
  

   covered 
  in 
  this 
  clay. 
  

  

  Melosira 
  granulata 
  (Ehr.) 
  Palfs 
  

  

  Diatoma 
  hyemale 
  K. 
  B. 
  

  

  Cocconema 
  parviim 
  W. 
  Smith 
  

  

  The 
  occurrence 
  of 
  these 
  diatoms 
  is 
  a 
  matter 
  of 
  great 
  interest. 
  

  

  While 
  diatoms 
  are 
  abundant 
  in 
  the 
  Tertiary, 
  their 
  only 
  known 
  

   occurrence 
  in 
  the 
  Cretaceous 
  is 
  the 
  chalk 
  ^ 
  which 
  is 
  upper 
  Cre- 
  

   taceous. 
  This 
  being 
  the 
  case, 
  their 
  occurrence 
  at 
  jN^orthpoii: 
  extends 
  

   the 
  known 
  geologic 
  range 
  of 
  diatoms. 
  

  

  At 
  Freshpond 
  the 
  clay 
  crops 
  out 
  along 
  the 
  shore 
  for 
  a 
  distance 
  

   of 
  half 
  a 
  mile. 
  It 
  is 
  brownish 
  and 
  red 
  in 
  color, 
  the 
  red 
  being 
  more 
  

   sandy. 
  Sand 
  and 
  gravel 
  overlie 
  it, 
  and 
  at 
  Sanunis^s 
  yard 
  the 
  sand, 
  

   which 
  is 
  stained 
  by 
  limonite, 
  shows 
  a 
  fine 
  anticlinal 
  fold. 
  

  

  One 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  interesting 
  clay 
  banks 
  is 
  that 
  on 
  Fisher's 
  island. 
  

   The 
  clay 
  is 
  of 
  a 
  reddish 
  color 
  similar 
  to 
  that 
  on 
  West 
  neck 
  and 
  

   Center 
  island, 
  and 
  in 
  its 
  original 
  condition 
  was 
  horizontally 
  strati- 
  

   fied 
  and 
  overlain 
  by 
  20 
  to 
  30 
  feet 
  of 
  laminated 
  sand. 
  But 
  the 
  

   whole 
  deposit 
  has 
  been 
  disturbed 
  by 
  the 
  ice 
  sheet 
  passing 
  over 
  it, 
  

   and 
  the 
  layers 
  have 
  been 
  much 
  crumpled 
  to 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  about 
  30 
  

   feet, 
  while 
  below 
  this 
  they 
  are 
  undisturbed. 
  The 
  till 
  overlying 
  it 
  

   is 
  in 
  places 
  30 
  feet 
  thick 
  and 
  contains 
  large 
  boulders. 
  

  

  Dr 
  MeiTill 
  mentions- 
  the 
  presence 
  on 
  Gardiner's 
  island,^ 
  of 
  ex- 
  

   tensive 
  beds 
  of 
  brick 
  clay 
  together 
  with 
  their 
  associated 
  sand 
  beds, 
  

   (they 
  are 
  not 
  being 
  worked) 
  and 
  notes 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  a 
  fossil- 
  

   iferous 
  stratum. 
  Clay 
  is 
  also 
  said 
  to 
  outcrop 
  near 
  Sag 
  Harbor 
  and 
  

   around 
  the 
  shore 
  of 
  Hog 
  neck 
  in 
  Peconic 
  bay. 
  

  

  1 
  Nicholson. 
  Manual 
  of 
  palaeontology. 
  2: 
  1490. 
  

   a 
  Previously 
  cited. 
  

  

  