﻿CLAYS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  

  

  607 
  

  

  Both 
  Dana 
  and 
  Merrill 
  consider 
  Long 
  Island 
  sound 
  to 
  be 
  of 
  

   preglacial 
  origin. 
  The 
  formeir 
  calls 
  attention 
  to 
  a 
  channel 
  in 
  the 
  

   southern 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  sound, 
  which 
  probably 
  was 
  that 
  of 
  a 
  river 
  

   draining 
  Connecticut 
  in 
  preglacial 
  times, 
  and 
  which 
  emptied 
  into 
  

   Peconic 
  bay. 
  The 
  latter 
  points 
  to 
  the 
  absence 
  of 
  till 
  along 
  the 
  

   north 
  shore 
  of 
  Long 
  Island 
  where 
  the 
  sound 
  is 
  wide, 
  as 
  evidence 
  

   of 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  drift 
  was 
  dropped 
  into 
  the 
  sound 
  by 
  

   the 
  ice 
  in 
  its 
  passage 
  across 
  it. 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  other 
  hand 
  Hollick 
  considers 
  that 
  Long 
  Island 
  sound 
  

   was 
  dry 
  land 
  till 
  the 
  glacial 
  period, 
  and 
  that 
  the 
  continental 
  glacier 
  

   upon 
  its 
  arrival 
  on 
  the 
  Connecticut 
  shore 
  plowed 
  up 
  the 
  material 
  

   from 
  the 
  space 
  now 
  occupied 
  by 
  the 
  sound- 
  and 
  pushed 
  it 
  ahead 
  to 
  

   form 
  the 
  range 
  of 
  hills 
  along 
  the 
  northern 
  part 
  of 
  Long 
  Island. 
  

   It 
  seems 
  to 
  the 
  writer 
  however 
  that 
  the 
  facts 
  do 
  not 
  support 
  this 
  

   theory. 
  If 
  we 
  suppose 
  the 
  northern 
  range 
  of 
  hills 
  to 
  be 
  composed 
  

   of 
  material 
  pushed 
  up 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  area 
  now 
  occupied 
  by 
  the 
  sound, 
  

   it 
  should 
  everywhere 
  show 
  signs 
  of 
  disturbance. 
  This 
  it 
  does 
  not 
  

   do. 
  The 
  high 
  hills 
  of 
  sand 
  and 
  gTavel 
  at 
  Port 
  Washington 
  for 
  

   example 
  show 
  no 
  signs 
  of 
  disturbance. 
  

  

  Mention 
  should 
  be 
  made 
  of 
  a 
  yellow 
  gravel 
  formation. 
  This 
  is 
  

   found 
  almost 
  everywhere 
  on 
  Long 
  Island, 
  and 
  sections 
  in 
  the 
  rail- 
  

   way 
  cuttings 
  frequently 
  show 
  a 
  thickness 
  of 
  30 
  or 
  40 
  feet. 
  

  

  Staten 
  Island 
  clays 
  

  

  The 
  chief 
  outcrops 
  of 
  clay 
  on 
  Staten 
  Island 
  are 
  at 
  Kreischerville, 
  

   G-reenridge 
  and 
  Arrochar. 
  Besides 
  the 
  clay 
  there 
  are 
  several 
  sand 
  

   beds 
  known 
  as 
  '^ 
  kaolin." 
  

  

  In 
  many 
  instances 
  the 
  clays 
  and 
  overlying 
  yellow 
  gravels 
  have 
  

   been 
  much 
  disturbed 
  by 
  the 
  passage 
  of 
  the 
  ice 
  over 
  them, 
  and 
  in 
  

   some 
  cases 
  the 
  sections 
  show 
  overthrown 
  anticlines, 
  as 
  on 
  the 
  finger- 
  

   board 
  road 
  at 
  Clifton. 
  

  

  W. 
  Kjreischer 
  informed 
  me 
  that 
  the 
  clay 
  at 
  Kreischerville 
  occurs 
  

   in 
  isolated 
  masses 
  or 
  pockets 
  in 
  the 
  yellow 
  gravel 
  and 
  sands. 
  If 
  

   such 
  is 
  the 
  case, 
  and 
  if 
  these 
  beds, 
  as 
  is 
  usually 
  supposed, 
  are 
  a 
  

  

  