﻿CLAYS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  609 
  

  

  The 
  above 
  may 
  very 
  possibly 
  be 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  Cretaceous 
  clay 
  

   overlain 
  by 
  the 
  yellow 
  gravel. 
  Borings 
  made 
  at 
  various 
  points 
  

   along 
  the 
  shore 
  of 
  Arthur's 
  kill, 
  between 
  Kreischer's 
  factory 
  and 
  

   "Wood 
  & 
  Keenan's 
  brick 
  yard, 
  penetrated 
  a 
  blue 
  clay 
  at 
  a 
  depth 
  

   of 
  3 
  or 
  4 
  feet. 
  This 
  latter 
  is 
  no 
  doubt 
  of 
  very 
  recent 
  origin. 
  

  

  At 
  the 
  Anderson 
  brick 
  co.'s 
  pit 
  near 
  Greenridge, 
  the 
  lower 
  

   clay, 
  which 
  is 
  of 
  a 
  black 
  color, 
  shows 
  signs 
  of 
  disturbance, 
  

   and 
  slickensided 
  surfaces 
  are 
  common. 
  The 
  upper 
  portions 
  of 
  

   the 
  bank 
  are 
  of 
  blue 
  and 
  gray 
  colors, 
  and 
  at 
  one 
  spot 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  

   thick 
  seam 
  of 
  lignite. 
  The 
  clay 
  is 
  not 
  sufficiently 
  refractory 
  for 
  

   fire 
  brick. 
  Fragmentary 
  plant 
  remains 
  were 
  found 
  by 
  the 
  writer 
  

   in 
  this 
  pit, 
  but 
  they 
  are 
  not 
  nearly 
  so 
  perfect 
  as 
  those 
  found 
  in 
  

   the 
  fire 
  clay 
  pit 
  at 
  Kreischerville, 
  and 
  which 
  have 
  been 
  figaired 
  

   and 
  described 
  in 
  minute 
  detail 
  by 
  Dr 
  Arthur 
  HoUick 
  of 
  Columbia 
  

   university. 
  

  

  Spicules 
  have 
  been 
  observed 
  in 
  the 
  fire 
  clay 
  at 
  Kreischerville, 
  

   Staten 
  Island. 
  In 
  the 
  kaolin 
  found 
  near 
  Kreischerville 
  were 
  dis- 
  

   covered 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  diatoms, 
  which 
  Dr 
  Ward 
  informs 
  me 
  are 
  

   cither 
  Cocconeis 
  placentula 
  Ehr., 
  or 
  Cocconeis 
  

   P 
  e 
  d 
  i 
  c 
  u 
  1 
  i 
  s 
  Ehr. 
  Their 
  occurrence 
  is 
  also 
  of 
  great 
  interest, 
  

   as 
  these 
  kaolins 
  are 
  known 
  to 
  be 
  middle 
  Cretaceous 
  beyond 
  doubt. 
  

  

  Stony 
  glacial 
  clays 
  occur 
  also 
  underlying 
  the 
  flats 
  at 
  Green 
  

   ridge, 
  Staten 
  Island. 
  

  

  One 
  mile 
  and 
  a 
  quarter 
  northeast 
  of 
  Kreischer's 
  fire 
  brick 
  fac- 
  

   tory 
  an 
  excavation 
  has 
  been 
  made 
  for 
  obtaining 
  a 
  micaceous 
  kaolin. 
  

   About 
  15 
  feet 
  of 
  it 
  is 
  exposed. 
  A 
  quarter 
  of 
  a 
  mile 
  north 
  of 
  this 
  

   locality 
  is 
  the 
  pit 
  of 
  the 
  Staten 
  Island 
  kaolin 
  co. 
  The 
  kaolin 
  is 
  evi- 
  

   dently 
  a 
  continuation 
  of 
  that 
  exposed 
  in 
  Kreischer's 
  pit, 
  but 
  is 
  ap- 
  

   parently 
  not 
  as 
  thick. 
  The 
  deposit 
  has 
  suffered 
  disturbance 
  by 
  the 
  

   ice 
  sheet 
  and 
  the 
  layers 
  are 
  intermixed 
  with 
  the 
  till. 
  At 
  the 
  north- 
  

   east 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  excavation 
  a 
  bluish 
  sandv 
  clav 
  containing: 
  frasr- 
  

   ments 
  of 
  lignite 
  is 
  found 
  to 
  underlie 
  the 
  kaolin. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  spring 
  of 
  1898 
  Kreischer 
  Bros, 
  opened 
  a 
  new 
  pit 
  just 
  

  

  