﻿CLAYS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  625 
  

  

  at 
  several 
  points 
  in 
  Ho<;king 
  co., 
  and 
  tlie 
  Carboniferous 
  conglom- 
  

   erate 
  also 
  contains 
  several 
  beds 
  of 
  fire 
  clay. 
  Other 
  beds 
  occur 
  

   over 
  the 
  Sharon 
  coal 
  in 
  the 
  Massillon 
  sandstone, 
  and 
  are 
  used 
  for 
  

   making 
  sewer 
  pipe 
  and 
  pottery. 
  Another 
  important 
  bed 
  under- 
  

   lies 
  the 
  lower 
  Mercer 
  limestone. 
  Several 
  important 
  clay 
  deposits 
  

   occur 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  Coal 
  Measures, 
  the 
  beds 
  varying 
  in 
  thickness 
  

   from 
  6 
  to 
  30 
  feet. 
  The 
  Kittanning 
  clay 
  and 
  shale 
  is 
  the 
  most 
  

   important 
  in 
  the 
  state, 
  and 
  is 
  the 
  horizon 
  which 
  yields 
  the 
  well 
  

   known 
  Mineral 
  point 
  fire 
  clay. 
  Other 
  beds 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  

   middle 
  Kittanning 
  and 
  the 
  lower 
  and 
  upper 
  Freeport 
  members 
  of 
  

   the 
  Coal 
  Measures. 
  

  

  In 
  northern 
  and 
  western 
  Ohio, 
  the 
  drift 
  clays 
  form 
  an 
  abundant 
  

   supply 
  of 
  material 
  for 
  the 
  making 
  of 
  common 
  brick. 
  

  

  Pennsylvania 
  

  

  The 
  most 
  prominent 
  clay 
  deposits 
  of 
  Pennsylvania 
  are 
  the 
  re- 
  

   fractory 
  shales 
  and 
  clays 
  which 
  occur 
  in 
  the 
  Coal 
  Measures, 
  spe- 
  

   cially 
  in 
  the 
  western 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  state. 
  The 
  beds 
  are 
  often 
  

   extensive, 
  and 
  occupy 
  well 
  marked 
  stratigraphic 
  positions. 
  Among 
  

   the 
  more 
  important 
  of 
  these 
  may 
  be 
  mentioned 
  the 
  Bolivar 
  fire 
  

   clay, 
  which 
  occurs 
  just 
  under 
  the 
  Freeport 
  upper 
  Coal 
  Measures. 
  

   Another 
  important 
  bed 
  of 
  clay 
  lies 
  immediately 
  under 
  the 
  Kit- 
  

   tanning 
  coal, 
  throughout 
  Beaver 
  co. 
  Another 
  valuable 
  bed 
  is 
  

   found 
  near 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  conglomerate 
  12, 
  and 
  is 
  juined 
  in 
  Cambria, 
  

   Indiana 
  and 
  Beaver 
  co. 
  

  

  Large 
  quantities 
  of 
  true 
  kaolin 
  are 
  mined 
  in 
  Chester 
  and 
  Dela- 
  

   ware 
  CO., 
  and 
  the 
  mines 
  at 
  Brandy 
  wine 
  surmuit 
  have 
  been 
  in 
  opera- 
  

   tion 
  for 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  years. 
  

  

  The 
  brick 
  clays 
  are 
  abundant 
  and 
  important 
  in 
  and 
  around 
  

   Philadelphia, 
  where 
  they 
  belong 
  to 
  the 
  Columbian 
  formation; 
  

   while 
  the 
  river 
  terraces 
  in 
  the 
  valleys 
  of 
  the 
  Ohio 
  and 
  Beaver 
  

   rivers 
  are 
  underlain 
  by 
  chay 
  suitable 
  for 
  the 
  manufacture 
  of 
  brick,. 
  

   terra 
  cotta 
  and 
  stoneware. 
  

  

  