﻿CLAYS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  645 
  

  

  Most 
  common 
  brick 
  are 
  made 
  by 
  the 
  soft 
  mud 
  process, 
  but 
  

   many 
  are 
  molded 
  by 
  the 
  stiff 
  mud 
  process. 
  In 
  the 
  burning 
  of 
  a 
  

   kiln 
  full 
  of 
  such 
  brick, 
  some 
  receive 
  more 
  heat 
  than 
  others, 
  a 
  

   certain 
  proportion 
  become 
  discolored, 
  while 
  the 
  remainder 
  may 
  

   be 
  slightly 
  misshapen 
  by 
  the 
  weight 
  of 
  the 
  overlying 
  mass 
  of 
  

   bricks. 
  It 
  is 
  thus 
  possible 
  to 
  sort 
  the 
  contents 
  of 
  any 
  one 
  kiln 
  

   into 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  different 
  grades, 
  the 
  more 
  important 
  of 
  which 
  

   are 
  as 
  follows: 
  

  

  Salmon 
  brick 
  j 
  soft 
  brick. 
  These 
  are 
  insufficiently 
  burned 
  brick, 
  

   which 
  are 
  not 
  hard 
  enough 
  to 
  be 
  used 
  in 
  outside 
  walls, 
  but 
  can 
  

   be 
  used 
  for 
  backing 
  or 
  filling 
  in. 
  

  

  Arch 
  brick 
  are 
  those 
  from 
  the 
  arches 
  of 
  the 
  kiln, 
  or 
  portions 
  

   nearest 
  to 
  the 
  fires. 
  These 
  are 
  consequently 
  burned 
  the 
  hardest. 
  

  

  Stock 
  brick. 
  These 
  generally 
  represent 
  the 
  best, 
  from 
  a 
  kiln 
  

   of 
  common 
  brick. 
  They 
  are 
  carefully 
  sorted 
  both 
  as 
  to 
  color 
  

   and 
  shape 
  and 
  consequently 
  command 
  a 
  higher 
  price. 
  

  

  Sewer 
  or 
  cistern 
  brick 
  are 
  the 
  harder 
  burned 
  bricks 
  of 
  a 
  common 
  

   kiln, 
  which, 
  owing 
  to 
  their 
  impervious 
  character 
  as 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  

   hard 
  firing, 
  are 
  well 
  adapted 
  for 
  damp 
  situations. 
  

  

  Washed 
  brick. 
  At 
  those 
  yards 
  where 
  the 
  drying 
  is 
  done 
  by 
  the 
  

   open 
  air, 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  bricks 
  sometimes 
  becomes 
  roughened 
  

   by 
  the 
  beating 
  action 
  of 
  rain. 
  Such 
  bricks 
  when 
  burned 
  are 
  just 
  

   as 
  strong 
  as 
  unwashed 
  ones, 
  but 
  they 
  have 
  usually 
  been 
  discarded, 
  

   excepting 
  during 
  certain 
  intervals 
  when 
  they 
  happened 
  to 
  catch 
  

   the 
  fancy 
  of 
  some 
  architects. 
  

  

  Pressed 
  brick. 
  The 
  name 
  of 
  these 
  is 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  

   green 
  brick 
  is 
  sometimes 
  subjected 
  to 
  pressure 
  after 
  molding, 
  to 
  

   impart 
  a 
  smooth 
  surface 
  and 
  sharp 
  edges 
  to 
  it. 
  

  

  Under 
  this 
  term 
  are 
  also 
  included 
  products 
  of 
  a 
  variety 
  of 
  shades 
  

   and 
  colors 
  and 
  of 
  variable 
  form. 
  

  

  The 
  plain 
  colors 
  include 
  white, 
  buff, 
  yellow, 
  gray, 
  brown 
  and 
  

   red, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  numerous 
  intermediate 
  shades. 
  

  

  