﻿656 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  pan. 
  According 
  to 
  tlie 
  type 
  of 
  macliine 
  used, 
  it 
  is 
  possible 
  to 
  disin- 
  

   tegrate 
  a 
  clay 
  in 
  its 
  dry, 
  plastic, 
  or 
  even 
  very 
  wet 
  condition. 
  There 
  

   are 
  many 
  devices 
  for 
  this 
  kind 
  of 
  work, 
  but 
  only 
  a 
  few 
  need 
  be 
  men- 
  

   tioned. 
  

  

  Dry 
  methods 
  of 
  preparation 
  

  

  Crushers. 
  The 
  Blake 
  type 
  of 
  crusher, 
  which 
  is 
  frequently 
  used 
  

   for 
  breaking 
  up 
  hard 
  shales 
  or 
  old 
  brick, 
  consists 
  of 
  two 
  jaws, 
  the 
  

   one 
  fixed, 
  the 
  other 
  fastened 
  at 
  its 
  lower 
  end, 
  while 
  the 
  upper 
  end 
  

   moves 
  back 
  and 
  forth 
  at 
  a 
  rapid 
  rate. 
  Such 
  crushers 
  are 
  strong 
  

   and 
  effective, 
  but 
  have 
  a 
  rather 
  limited 
  use 
  at 
  clay-working 
  estab- 
  

   lishments. 
  ' 
  

  

  Pan 
  crushers. 
  Of 
  these 
  there 
  are 
  two 
  classes, 
  dry 
  pan 
  crushers 
  

   and 
  wet 
  pan 
  crushers. 
  The 
  former 
  pulverizes 
  the 
  material 
  as 
  it 
  

   comes 
  from 
  the 
  bank, 
  the 
  latter 
  tempers 
  it 
  with 
  water. 
  In 
  either 
  

   case 
  the 
  crushers 
  consist 
  of 
  a 
  circular 
  pan 
  in 
  which 
  two 
  iron 
  wheels 
  

   revolve 
  on 
  a 
  horizontal 
  axis. 
  They 
  are 
  made 
  to 
  revolve 
  by 
  friction 
  

   against 
  the 
  pan, 
  which 
  is 
  rotated 
  by 
  steam 
  power. 
  In 
  a 
  dry 
  pan 
  

   the 
  bottom 
  is 
  perforated; 
  the 
  wheels 
  weigh 
  2000 
  to 
  5000 
  pounds 
  

   each. 
  The 
  wet 
  pan 
  has 
  a 
  solid 
  bottom, 
  in 
  which 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  door 
  

   through 
  which 
  the 
  material 
  can 
  escape 
  when 
  sufficiently 
  tempered. 
  

  

  A 
  good 
  dry 
  pan 
  will 
  grind 
  100 
  tons 
  in 
  lOi 
  hours 
  through 
  one 
  

   eighth 
  inch 
  screens.^ 
  

  

  Two 
  scrapers 
  are 
  placed 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  rollers 
  to 
  throw 
  the 
  ma- 
  

   terial 
  in 
  their 
  path. 
  

  

  Disintegrators. 
  These, 
  of 
  which 
  the 
  Stedman 
  disintegrator 
  is 
  a 
  

   good 
  type, 
  consist 
  of 
  several 
  series 
  of 
  concentric 
  drums 
  which 
  re- 
  

   volve 
  in 
  different 
  directions. 
  The 
  material 
  to 
  be 
  pulverized 
  is 
  fed 
  

   into 
  the 
  disintegrator 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  a 
  hopper, 
  and 
  as 
  soon 
  as 
  it 
  enters 
  

   is 
  caught 
  between 
  the 
  staves 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  drum, 
  and 
  thrown 
  by 
  this 
  

   against 
  the 
  next 
  inner 
  one, 
  which 
  revolves 
  in 
  the 
  opposite 
  direc- 
  

   tion, 
  and 
  from 
  this 
  one 
  against 
  a 
  third 
  inside 
  of 
  the 
  second, 
  revolv- 
  

   ing 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  direction 
  as 
  the 
  first. 
  The 
  clay 
  particles 
  by 
  being 
  

   violently 
  thrown 
  against 
  the 
  staves 
  and 
  against 
  each 
  other 
  are 
  

  

  1 
  Ohio 
  geol. 
  sur. 
  1893 
  p. 
  142. 
  E. 
  Orton 
  jr. 
  Clays 
  and 
  clay-working 
  in- 
  

   dustries 
  of 
  Ohio. 
  

  

  