﻿CLAYS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  663 
  

  

  charged 
  into 
  the 
  machine, 
  from 
  which 
  it 
  is 
  forced 
  in 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  

   a 
  rectangular 
  bar 
  whose 
  cross-section 
  ha© 
  the 
  same 
  area 
  as 
  the 
  

   greatest 
  plane 
  surface, 
  or 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  brick. 
  The 
  bar 
  of 
  clay 
  as 
  it 
  

   issues 
  from 
  the 
  machine 
  is 
  received 
  on 
  the 
  cntting 
  table, 
  and 
  either 
  

   is 
  cut 
  up 
  into 
  brick 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  parallel 
  wires 
  set 
  

   in 
  a 
  frame 
  which 
  slides 
  across 
  the 
  cutting 
  table, 
  in 
  which 
  case 
  the 
  

   machine 
  stops 
  when 
  the 
  bar 
  has 
  issued 
  a 
  certain 
  lengi:h, 
  or 
  the 
  

   bar 
  of 
  clay 
  issues 
  continuously, 
  and 
  is 
  cut 
  up 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  wires 
  on 
  a 
  

   revolving 
  frame. 
  

  

  The 
  plunger 
  machine 
  consists 
  of 
  a 
  large 
  iron 
  cylinder 
  into 
  which 
  

   the 
  clay 
  is 
  charged. 
  From 
  this 
  it 
  is 
  forced 
  out 
  through 
  the 
  die. 
  

  

  The 
  Quger 
  machine 
  consists 
  of 
  a 
  cylinder 
  with 
  a 
  conical 
  end. 
  In 
  

   this 
  is 
  a 
  horizontal 
  shaft 
  bearing 
  a 
  screw 
  or 
  knife 
  blades 
  so 
  set 
  that 
  

   their 
  action 
  will 
  force 
  the 
  clay 
  forward. 
  At 
  the 
  forward 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  

   shaft 
  is 
  an 
  iron 
  screw 
  which 
  forces 
  the 
  clay 
  out 
  through 
  the 
  die. 
  

   The 
  clay 
  is 
  fed 
  at 
  the 
  large 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  cylinder. 
  It 
  will 
  thus 
  be 
  

   seen 
  that 
  the 
  clay 
  undergoes 
  a 
  large 
  amount 
  of 
  compression 
  and 
  

   that 
  considerable 
  power 
  is 
  required 
  to 
  force 
  it 
  through 
  the 
  die. 
  

  

  Auger 
  machines 
  are 
  either 
  end-cut 
  or 
  side-cut, 
  depending 
  on 
  

   whether 
  the 
  area 
  of 
  the 
  cross-section 
  of 
  the 
  bar 
  of 
  clay 
  corresponds 
  

   to 
  the 
  end 
  or 
  side 
  of 
  a 
  brick; 
  and 
  consequently 
  the 
  mouthpieces 
  

   vary 
  in 
  size 
  and 
  shape 
  of 
  cross-section, 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  kind 
  of 
  

   brick 
  or 
  other 
  product 
  to 
  be 
  turned 
  out. 
  

  

  Mouthpieces 
  are 
  generally 
  made 
  of 
  steel, 
  are 
  steam-heated, 
  and, 
  

   in 
  order 
  to 
  prevent 
  the 
  formation 
  of 
  a 
  serrated 
  edge 
  on 
  the 
  emerg- 
  

   ing 
  bar 
  of 
  clay, 
  much 
  attention 
  is 
  given 
  to 
  the 
  internal 
  shape 
  of 
  the 
  

   die. 
  When 
  a 
  bar 
  of 
  clay 
  emerges 
  from 
  a 
  rectangular 
  opening, 
  there 
  

   is 
  more 
  friction 
  at 
  the 
  corners 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  center 
  of 
  the 
  bar 
  or 
  on 
  

   the 
  sides, 
  and 
  for 
  this 
  reason 
  the 
  internal 
  form 
  of 
  the 
  mouth- 
  

   piece 
  should 
  be 
  such 
  that 
  a 
  sufficient 
  quantity 
  of 
  clay 
  will 
  be 
  forced 
  

   toward 
  the 
  corner 
  of 
  the 
  die 
  to 
  preserve 
  an 
  equal 
  velocity 
  in 
  all 
  

   portions 
  of 
  the 
  emerging 
  clay 
  stream. 
  At 
  times 
  the 
  mouthpieces 
  

   or 
  dies 
  are 
  watered 
  or 
  oiled 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  facilitate 
  the 
  issuance 
  of 
  the 
  

   clay. 
  The 
  practice 
  of 
  steam-heating 
  the 
  die 
  is 
  rather 
  an 
  American 
  

   one. 
  

  

  