﻿CLAYS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  671 
  

  

  360 
  brick. 
  Tracks 
  are 
  laid 
  from 
  the 
  machines 
  through 
  the 
  tunnels 
  

   to 
  the 
  kilns. 
  The 
  tracks 
  are 
  laid 
  in 
  two 
  directions 
  only, 
  at 
  right 
  

   angles 
  to 
  each 
  other, 
  and 
  turntables 
  are 
  placed 
  at 
  the 
  points 
  where 
  

   tracks 
  intersect. 
  The 
  tunnels 
  are 
  about 
  5 
  feet 
  high 
  and 
  4 
  feet 
  wide. 
  

   Several 
  methods 
  are 
  used 
  to 
  heat 
  the 
  tunnels. 
  There 
  may 
  be 
  a 
  fire- 
  

   place 
  at 
  one 
  end 
  and 
  a 
  system 
  of 
  parallel 
  flues 
  under 
  the 
  tunnel 
  to 
  

   conduct 
  the 
  heat. 
  A 
  second 
  method 
  is 
  to 
  use 
  steam 
  heat, 
  the 
  pipes 
  

   being 
  laid 
  along 
  underneath 
  the 
  floor 
  of 
  each 
  tunnel 
  or 
  along 
  the 
  

   sides. 
  Exhaust 
  steam 
  is 
  used 
  in 
  the 
  day 
  time 
  and 
  live 
  steam 
  during 
  

   the 
  night. 
  Another 
  method 
  is 
  to 
  heat 
  the 
  tunnel 
  by 
  a 
  hot 
  blast. 
  

   In 
  a 
  good 
  drier 
  the 
  natural 
  draft 
  should 
  be 
  suflicient 
  to 
  draw 
  tho 
  

   air 
  through 
  the 
  tunnels. 
  Six 
  or 
  more 
  of 
  these 
  drying 
  tunnels 
  are 
  

   usually 
  set 
  side 
  by 
  side. 
  Artificial 
  drying 
  takes 
  from 
  24 
  to 
  40 
  

   hours. 
  The 
  longer 
  the 
  clay 
  takes 
  to 
  dry, 
  the 
  greater 
  will 
  be 
  the 
  

   number 
  of 
  tunnels 
  needed 
  for 
  a 
  given 
  capacity. 
  The 
  green 
  brick 
  

   are 
  put 
  in 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  nearest 
  the 
  machine 
  and 
  the 
  cars 
  with 
  the 
  

   dry 
  ones 
  drawn 
  out 
  at 
  the 
  opposite 
  end. 
  It 
  is 
  of 
  importance 
  that 
  

   the 
  capacity 
  of 
  the 
  driers 
  shall 
  not 
  exceed 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  kilns. 
  Arti- 
  

   fix3ial 
  driers 
  have 
  the 
  advantage 
  of 
  permitting 
  a 
  plant 
  to 
  be 
  run 
  all 
  

   winter. 
  The 
  cost 
  of 
  flue 
  driers 
  is 
  set 
  at 
  25c 
  a 
  thousand 
  brick 
  with 
  

   coal 
  at 
  $2.50 
  a 
  ton. 
  

  

  Floor 
  driers. 
  Bricks 
  are 
  sometimes 
  dried 
  on 
  floors, 
  which 
  are 
  

   either 
  of 
  brick 
  or 
  wood. 
  Brick 
  floors 
  are 
  often 
  heated 
  by 
  flues, 
  

   which 
  pass 
  under 
  them 
  their 
  entire 
  length, 
  conducting 
  the 
  heat 
  

   from 
  the 
  fireplace 
  at 
  one 
  end 
  to 
  a 
  chimney 
  at 
  the 
  other. 
  Such 
  

   floors 
  are 
  cheap, 
  but 
  the 
  heat 
  is 
  very 
  unequal 
  at 
  the 
  two 
  ends, 
  and 
  

   a 
  large 
  amount 
  of 
  labor 
  is 
  involved 
  in 
  handling 
  the 
  material. 
  In 
  

   some 
  cases 
  the 
  bricks 
  are 
  dried 
  simply 
  by 
  reason 
  of 
  a 
  current 
  of 
  

   air 
  passing 
  over 
  them, 
  no 
  hot 
  air 
  flues 
  being 
  used. 
  

  

  Wooden 
  floors 
  either 
  solid 
  or 
  slatted, 
  such 
  as 
  those 
  used 
  in 
  drying 
  

   sewer 
  pipe, 
  may 
  be 
  used, 
  but 
  the 
  cost 
  of 
  laying 
  them 
  is 
  great, 
  and 
  

   the 
  bricks, 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  brick 
  floors, 
  require 
  much 
  handling. 
  

  

  A 
  very 
  common 
  custom 
  abroad, 
  not 
  used 
  in 
  this 
  country, 
  consists 
  

   in 
  having 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  pallet 
  racks 
  built 
  along 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  kiln. 
  

  

  