﻿CLAYS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  

  

  679 
  

  

  three 
  or 
  four 
  chambers 
  before 
  conducting 
  it 
  off 
  to 
  the 
  stack, 
  for 
  

   the 
  reason 
  that 
  the 
  hot 
  air 
  collects 
  moisture 
  from 
  the 
  bricks 
  in 
  

   those 
  chambers 
  which 
  are 
  being 
  heated 
  up, 
  and 
  if 
  not 
  drawn 
  off 
  

   when 
  nearly 
  saturated, 
  and 
  before 
  it 
  has 
  cooled 
  down 
  too 
  much, 
  it 
  

   will 
  begin 
  to 
  deposit 
  moisture 
  and 
  soften 
  the 
  green 
  bricks. 
  

  

  Each 
  chamber 
  has 
  a 
  capacity 
  of 
  20,000 
  to 
  22,000 
  brick. 
  When 
  

   the 
  partitions 
  between 
  ai-e 
  permanent 
  they 
  are 
  of 
  brick, 
  but 
  the 
  

   temporary 
  ones 
  are 
  built 
  of 
  heavy 
  paper. 
  

  

  The 
  manner 
  of 
  firing 
  varies. 
  In 
  the 
  original 
  kiln 
  not 
  only 
  did 
  

   it 
  take 
  place 
  through 
  doors 
  at 
  the 
  bottom, 
  but 
  coal 
  slack 
  was 
  also 
  

   fed 
  into 
  the 
  kiln 
  through 
  openings 
  in 
  the 
  top. 
  Many 
  manufac- 
  

   turers 
  ,no 
  longer 
  pursue 
  the 
  method 
  of 
  top 
  firing. 
  

  

  In 
  I^ew 
  York 
  state 
  continuous 
  kilns 
  are 
  used 
  for 
  burning 
  com- 
  

   mon 
  and 
  paving 
  brick. 
  

  

  Sorting 
  

  

  After 
  the 
  bricks 
  are 
  burned 
  they 
  have 
  in 
  every 
  case 
  to 
  be 
  care- 
  

   fully 
  sorted, 
  for 
  no 
  kiln 
  produces 
  100^ 
  of 
  bricks 
  which 
  are 
  alike. 
  

   The 
  product 
  of 
  a 
  kiln 
  of 
  common 
  building 
  brick 
  is 
  usually 
  sorted 
  

   into 
  stock, 
  hard, 
  rough 
  hard, 
  salmon 
  or 
  pale. 
  

  

  In 
  burning 
  a 
  kiln 
  of 
  pressed 
  brick, 
  while 
  the 
  percentage 
  of 
  

   properly 
  burned 
  ones 
  is 
  very 
  much 
  larger 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  com- 
  

   mon 
  brick, 
  still 
  there 
  is 
  often 
  a 
  considerable 
  range 
  in 
  the 
  intensity 
  

   of 
  the 
  color, 
  and 
  therefore 
  pressed 
  brick 
  have 
  always 
  to 
  be 
  carefully 
  

   sorted 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  shade. 
  There 
  are 
  numerous 
  shades 
  and 
  

   colors 
  which 
  the 
  manufacturer 
  is 
  able 
  to 
  produce 
  with 
  any 
  clay 
  or 
  

   mixture 
  of 
  clays 
  that 
  he 
  is 
  in 
  the 
  habit 
  of 
  using, 
  but 
  in 
  addition, 
  

   always, 
  a 
  certain 
  number 
  of 
  bricks 
  are 
  of 
  off 
  shades, 
  or 
  show 
  other 
  

   blemishes 
  due 
  to 
  improper 
  firing; 
  and 
  these 
  are 
  generally 
  sold 
  at 
  

   much 
  lower 
  rates. 
  

  

  Efflorescence 
  on 
  bricks 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  a 
  well 
  known 
  fact 
  that 
  many 
  bricks 
  develop 
  a 
  white 
  coat 
  

   either 
  during 
  the 
  drying 
  and 
  burning 
  or 
  after 
  the 
  brick 
  have 
  been 
  

   set 
  in 
  the 
  wall. 
  The 
  popular 
  term 
  for 
  this 
  white 
  coating 
  or 
  efflor- 
  

  

  