﻿CLAYS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  

  

  683 
  

  

  Source 
  2 
  The 
  manufacturing 
  

   a 
  During 
  molding 
  

  

  1) 
  By 
  presence 
  of 
  sulfates 
  in 
  the 
  water 
  or 
  coloring 
  matter 
  

  

  2) 
  By 
  formation 
  of 
  sulfates 
  during 
  the 
  drying 
  

   h 
  During 
  burning 
  

  

  1) 
  During 
  water-smoking 
  

  

  2) 
  During 
  firing 
  

  

  Source 
  3 
  Environment 
  of 
  the 
  bricks 
  and 
  buildings 
  

  

  a 
  Caused 
  by 
  the 
  absorption 
  of 
  saline 
  solutions 
  from 
  the 
  soil 
  of 
  

  

  the 
  place 
  of 
  storage 
  

   h 
  Caused 
  by 
  the 
  absorption 
  of 
  soluble 
  salts 
  from 
  the 
  soil 
  on 
  which 
  

  

  the 
  building 
  stands 
  

  

  Yellow 
  and 
  green 
  efflorescence 
  

  

  1 
  Organic 
  in 
  character 
  — 
  caused 
  by 
  the 
  action 
  of 
  vegetable 
  

   micro-organisms 
  • 
  y 
  

  

  2 
  Inorganic 
  in 
  character 
  — 
  caused 
  by 
  soluble 
  vanadinate 
  salts 
  

   White 
  efflorescence. 
  Sulfates 
  are 
  seldom 
  present 
  in 
  large 
  quan- 
  

   tities, 
  but 
  according 
  to 
  Gerlach 
  .1 
  to 
  .05^ 
  is 
  sufficient 
  to 
  produce 
  

   an 
  annoying 
  white 
  incrustation. 
  This 
  is 
  prevented 
  by 
  rendering 
  

   the 
  sulfate 
  insoluble. 
  The 
  most 
  effective 
  way 
  is 
  by 
  the 
  addition 
  of 
  

   some 
  barium 
  compound, 
  specially 
  the 
  carbonate 
  or 
  chlorid. 
  When 
  

   barium 
  salts 
  come 
  in 
  contact 
  with 
  sulfates, 
  barium 
  sulfate 
  is 
  formed, 
  

   a 
  combination 
  which 
  is 
  absolutely 
  insoluble 
  in 
  water. 
  This 
  ia 
  

   expressed 
  by 
  the 
  following 
  chemical 
  reaction. 
  

  

  CaS04+BaC03=:CaC03+BaS04, 
  

   CaS04+BaC2=CalCl2 
  ^BaS04 
  

  

  Thus 
  it 
  will 
  be 
  seen 
  that 
  in 
  both 
  cases 
  we 
  get 
  insoluble 
  compounds, 
  

   which 
  are 
  harmless. 
  If 
  the 
  cost 
  plays 
  any 
  part 
  in 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  them, 
  

   it 
  will 
  be 
  generally 
  found 
  that 
  barium 
  chlorid 
  is 
  the 
  cheaper. 
  

  

  Method 
  of 
  use. 
  As 
  carbonate 
  of 
  barium 
  is 
  insoluble 
  in 
  water, 
  in 
  

   order 
  to 
  make 
  it 
  thoroughly 
  and 
  uniformly 
  effective, 
  it 
  must 
  be 
  

   mixed 
  in 
  with 
  the 
  clay 
  very 
  thoroughly, 
  and 
  in 
  as 
  finely 
  divided 
  a 
  

   condition 
  as 
  possible, 
  because 
  it 
  will 
  only 
  act 
  where 
  it 
  comes 
  in 
  

  

  