﻿CLAYS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  685 
  

  

  If 
  the 
  clay 
  trearted 
  with 
  the 
  barium 
  chlorid 
  is 
  used 
  at 
  once, 
  no 
  

   efflorescence 
  will 
  result, 
  either 
  on 
  the 
  unbumed 
  or 
  the 
  burned 
  brick, 
  

   but 
  if 
  the 
  clay 
  thus 
  treated 
  is 
  allowed 
  to 
  lie 
  for 
  any 
  length 
  of 
  time, 
  

   large 
  quantities 
  of 
  iron 
  pyrite 
  may 
  be 
  decomposed 
  with 
  the 
  forma- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  additonal 
  sulfates. 
  It 
  frequently 
  happens 
  that 
  the 
  discolora- 
  

   tions 
  on 
  bricks 
  appear 
  near 
  the 
  edges 
  and 
  corners. 
  This 
  is 
  due 
  to 
  

   the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  waters 
  evaporate 
  most 
  readily 
  from 
  these 
  points. 
  

   The 
  more 
  quickly 
  the 
  water 
  is 
  evaporated, 
  the 
  less 
  will 
  be 
  the 
  

   quantity 
  of 
  soluble 
  deposit 
  on 
  the 
  surface. 
  Incrustations 
  which 
  

   appear 
  during 
  drying 
  are 
  found 
  more 
  commonly 
  on 
  bricks 
  made 
  

   from, 
  very 
  plastic 
  clays, 
  and 
  which 
  owing 
  to 
  their 
  density 
  do 
  not 
  

   allow 
  the 
  water 
  to 
  evaporate 
  quickly. 
  In 
  sandy 
  clays, 
  the 
  in- 
  

   crustation 
  is 
  at 
  a 
  minimum. 
  This 
  explanation 
  is 
  believed 
  to 
  account 
  

   for 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  efflorescence 
  on 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  pressed 
  bricks 
  

   more 
  than 
  on 
  rough 
  surfaces. 
  

  

  Cost 
  of 
  production 
  

  

  This 
  item 
  varies 
  considerably, 
  depending 
  on 
  a 
  variety 
  of 
  circum- 
  

   stances, 
  such 
  as 
  the 
  method 
  of 
  manufacture 
  employed, 
  cost 
  of 
  labor, 
  

   locality, 
  etc. 
  Brick 
  manufacturers 
  are 
  generally 
  unwilling 
  tO' 
  give 
  

   information 
  on 
  this 
  subject, 
  and 
  the 
  figures 
  given, 
  therefore, 
  can 
  

   only 
  be 
  considered 
  approximate. 
  The 
  use 
  of 
  improved 
  machinery 
  

   and 
  methods 
  will 
  often 
  lower 
  the 
  cost 
  of 
  production 
  considerably, 
  

   but 
  this 
  generally 
  requires 
  a 
  much 
  greater 
  outlay 
  of 
  capital 
  than 
  

   seems 
  to 
  be 
  in 
  most 
  instances 
  available. 
  By 
  the 
  hand 
  power 
  merthod 
  

   the 
  cost 
  of 
  manufacture 
  is 
  $3.75 
  to 
  $4 
  a 
  thousand 
  delivered 
  at 
  the 
  

   yard. 
  On 
  Long 
  Island, 
  where 
  the 
  soft 
  mud 
  process 
  is 
  almost 
  ex- 
  

   clusively 
  used, 
  the 
  cost 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  be 
  $3 
  a 
  thousand 
  delivered 
  at 
  the 
  

   yard. 
  Hudson 
  river 
  manufacturers 
  quoite 
  the 
  cost 
  at 
  $5 
  a 
  thousand 
  

   delivered 
  in 
  ISTew 
  York 
  city; 
  this 
  figure 
  includes 
  $1.25 
  for 
  trans- 
  

   portation 
  and 
  25c 
  a 
  thousand 
  for 
  commission. 
  

  

  The 
  brick 
  yard 
  is 
  usually 
  owned 
  by 
  the 
  manufacturer 
  but 
  the 
  

   clay 
  bank 
  is 
  worked 
  on 
  one 
  of 
  two 
  bases: 
  

  

  1 
  The 
  manufacturer 
  owns 
  the 
  bank. 
  This 
  is 
  by 
  far 
  the 
  best 
  and 
  

   most 
  profitable 
  arrangement. 
  

  

  