﻿CLAYS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  693 
  

  

  horse 
  power 
  to 
  run 
  his 
  machinery. 
  The 
  bricks 
  are 
  loaded 
  on 
  cars 
  

   and 
  shipped 
  to 
  various 
  points 
  along 
  the 
  Central 
  railroad. 
  

  

  Peekshill, 
  Westchester 
  co. 
  Bonner 
  & 
  Cole's 
  brick 
  yard 
  lies 
  

   between 
  the 
  river 
  and 
  the 
  railroad 
  about 
  three 
  quarters 
  of 
  a 
  mile 
  

   south 
  of 
  Peekskill. 
  The 
  day 
  lies 
  below 
  tide 
  leveL 
  It 
  is 
  said 
  

   that 
  borings 
  have 
  shown 
  a 
  thickness 
  of 
  50 
  feet. 
  There 
  is 
  on 
  the 
  

   average 
  a 
  stripping 
  of 
  6 
  feet 
  of 
  gravel 
  and 
  cobblestones. 
  

  

  South 
  of 
  this 
  yard 
  are 
  two 
  others, 
  viz, 
  Oldfield 
  Bros, 
  and 
  

   the 
  Bonner 
  brick 
  co. 
  Their 
  clay 
  is 
  similar 
  to 
  Bonner 
  & 
  Cole's, 
  

   but 
  rises 
  to 
  a 
  greater 
  hight 
  above 
  tide 
  level. 
  <f 
  

  

  Haverstraw, 
  Eockland 
  co., 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  brick 
  manufac- 
  

   turing 
  centers 
  of 
  'New 
  York 
  state, 
  there 
  being 
  42 
  brick 
  yards, 
  with 
  

   a 
  yearly 
  capacity 
  of 
  238,000,000 
  bricks. 
  The 
  yards 
  are 
  situated 
  

   in 
  a 
  line 
  along 
  the 
  river 
  stretching 
  from 
  the 
  lower 
  end 
  of 
  Haver- 
  

   straw 
  village 
  northward 
  around 
  Grassy 
  Point, 
  to 
  Stonypoint. 
  A 
  

   few 
  of 
  them 
  are 
  situated 
  along 
  Minisceongo 
  creek. 
  Most 
  of 
  the 
  

   yards 
  along 
  the 
  river 
  are 
  digging 
  their 
  clay 
  below 
  tide 
  level. 
  At 
  

   the 
  south 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  village 
  a 
  dam 
  was 
  built 
  at 
  an 
  expense 
  of 
  

   $30,000, 
  reclaiming 
  thereby 
  12 
  acres 
  of 
  clay 
  land 
  from 
  the 
  river. 
  

   And 
  more 
  recently 
  clay 
  has 
  been 
  dredged 
  from 
  the 
  river 
  bottom. 
  

   The 
  last-mentioned 
  bed 
  of 
  clay 
  is 
  underlain 
  by 
  till 
  and 
  modified 
  

   drift, 
  from 
  which 
  tempering 
  sand 
  is 
  obtained. 
  The 
  clay 
  within 
  

   this 
  inclo&ure 
  has 
  been 
  excavated 
  to 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  20 
  feet 
  below 
  mean 
  

   tide. 
  In 
  the 
  pits 
  of 
  the 
  Excelsior 
  brick 
  co. 
  they 
  have 
  reached 
  a 
  

   depth 
  of 
  36 
  feet 
  below 
  river 
  level; 
  in 
  Donnelly 
  & 
  Son's 
  pit, 
  45 
  

   feet, 
  and 
  west 
  of 
  Washburn's 
  yard, 
  40 
  feet. 
  A 
  pipe 
  well 
  was 
  sunk 
  

   from 
  mean 
  tide 
  level 
  100 
  feet 
  through 
  blue 
  clay, 
  in 
  the 
  Excelsior 
  

   co.'s 
  clay, 
  and 
  at 
  this 
  depth 
  struck 
  bed 
  rock 
  or 
  a 
  large 
  boulder. 
  

  

  The 
  clay 
  in 
  these 
  pits 
  is 
  rather 
  sandy 
  on 
  top, 
  but 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  im- 
  

   prove 
  with 
  the 
  depth. 
  It 
  is 
  mostly 
  blue. 
  Streaks 
  of 
  quicksand 
  

   are 
  always 
  liable 
  to 
  be 
  encountered. 
  In 
  those 
  pits 
  situated 
  along 
  

   the 
  river 
  and 
  to 
  the 
  rear 
  of 
  the 
  yards, 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  expense 
  of 
  strip- 
  

   ping 
  unless 
  the 
  excavation 
  is 
  widened, 
  but 
  there 
  are 
  two 
  important 
  

  

  