﻿CLAYS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  701 
  

  

  it 
  being 
  situated 
  along 
  the 
  river. 
  Their 
  clay 
  is 
  mostly 
  blue 
  and 
  

   rises 
  in 
  a 
  bank 
  to 
  the 
  hight 
  of 
  130 
  feet. 
  It 
  has 
  been 
  excavated 
  

   to 
  8 
  feet 
  above 
  mean 
  tide. 
  The 
  upper 
  10 
  feet 
  is 
  yellow 
  sand; 
  

   a 
  thin 
  strip 
  of 
  yellow 
  clay 
  separates 
  it 
  from 
  the 
  red. 
  The 
  lower 
  

   third 
  of 
  the 
  bank 
  is 
  somewhat 
  sandy; 
  the 
  best 
  results 
  are 
  obtained 
  

   by 
  a 
  mixture 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  and 
  lower 
  portions 
  of 
  the 
  clay. 
  Both 
  

   pallets 
  and 
  open 
  yards 
  are 
  used 
  for 
  drying; 
  the 
  former 
  at 
  the 
  yard 
  

   situated 
  on 
  the 
  terrace. 
  A 
  short 
  distance 
  below 
  AYashburn 
  Bros, 
  

   is 
  F. 
  M. 
  Yan 
  Dusen's 
  yard. 
  The 
  clay 
  is 
  blue, 
  70 
  feet 
  thick 
  and 
  

   is 
  underlain 
  by 
  shale 
  whose 
  surface 
  is 
  glaciated. 
  Several 
  feet 
  of 
  

   loam 
  overlie 
  the 
  clay. 
  Tempering 
  sand 
  is 
  brought 
  from 
  Wilbur 
  

   on 
  Rondout 
  creek. 
  J. 
  Porter's 
  yard 
  adjoins 
  Yan 
  Dusen's 
  on 
  the 
  

   south. 
  The 
  clay 
  lies 
  on 
  a 
  ridge 
  of 
  shale 
  which 
  rises 
  steeply 
  from 
  

   the 
  shore 
  to 
  a 
  hight 
  of 
  60 
  feet. 
  The 
  brick 
  yard 
  is 
  at 
  the 
  foot 
  of 
  

   the 
  cliff 
  and 
  was 
  started 
  in 
  1891. 
  Plows 
  and 
  scrapers 
  are 
  used 
  to 
  

   mine 
  the 
  clay, 
  which 
  is 
  of 
  a 
  yellow 
  color, 
  and 
  overlain 
  by 
  3 
  feet 
  of 
  

   loam. 
  Carts 
  are 
  used 
  for 
  hauling 
  the 
  clay. 
  About 
  a 
  mile 
  below 
  

   this 
  are 
  the 
  yards 
  of 
  C. 
  H. 
  Littlefield, 
  A. 
  Rose 
  & 
  Co. 
  and 
  D. 
  C. 
  

   Overbaugh. 
  The 
  three 
  are 
  close 
  together. 
  A 
  ridge 
  of 
  shale 
  rises 
  

   steeply 
  from 
  the 
  river 
  and 
  behind 
  this 
  the 
  clay 
  lies. 
  The 
  terrace 
  

   here 
  is 
  150 
  feet 
  high, 
  and 
  borings 
  which 
  have 
  been 
  made 
  show 
  a 
  

   depth 
  of 
  60 
  feet 
  (see 
  table). 
  The 
  clay 
  is 
  quite 
  dry, 
  and 
  mostly 
  

   yellow. 
  It 
  is 
  worked 
  by 
  picks 
  and 
  undermining. 
  Carts 
  haul 
  it 
  

   to 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  cliff, 
  where 
  it 
  is 
  sent 
  down 
  shoots 
  to 
  the 
  tem- 
  

   pering 
  pits. 
  The 
  drying 
  is 
  done 
  on 
  pallets 
  at 
  Rose's 
  yard. 
  

  

  Arlington, 
  Dutchess 
  co. 
  Flagler 
  &; 
  Allen. 
  The 
  clay 
  deposit, 
  

   which 
  is 
  yellow, 
  is 
  situated 
  half 
  a 
  mile 
  east 
  of 
  Poughkeepsie 
  and 
  

   has 
  an 
  extent 
  of 
  about 
  40 
  acres 
  of 
  clay, 
  it 
  averages 
  from 
  6 
  to 
  8 
  feet 
  

   in 
  depth. 
  This 
  is 
  easily 
  worked, 
  there 
  being 
  only 
  a 
  stripping 
  of 
  

   6 
  inches 
  of 
  sod. 
  Underneath 
  the 
  yellow 
  is 
  considerable 
  blue 
  clay. 
  

   The 
  yellow 
  is 
  of 
  course 
  the 
  weathered 
  portion. 
  The 
  clay 
  is 
  tem- 
  

   pered 
  in 
  soak 
  pits 
  and 
  about 
  20,000 
  brick 
  are 
  made 
  daily. 
  The 
  

   machinery 
  is 
  run 
  by 
  horse 
  power. 
  Repressed 
  brick 
  are 
  also 
  made. 
  

   The 
  clay 
  burns 
  a 
  cherry 
  red. 
  

  

  