﻿CLAYS 
  OF 
  jS'EW 
  YORK 
  717 
  

  

  The 
  shale 
  used 
  belongs 
  to 
  the 
  Salina 
  formation 
  and 
  is 
  obtained 
  from 
  

   the 
  hillside 
  about 
  1000 
  feet 
  from 
  the 
  yard. 
  It 
  is 
  of 
  various 
  shades 
  

   of 
  red, 
  green, 
  and 
  some 
  gray, 
  and 
  disintegrates 
  very 
  rapidly. 
  The 
  

   whole 
  mass 
  is 
  traversed 
  by 
  numerous 
  seams, 
  so 
  that 
  a 
  small 
  blast 
  

   brings 
  down 
  a 
  large 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  bank 
  in 
  small 
  fragments. 
  Tracks 
  

   are 
  laid 
  from 
  the 
  brick 
  yard 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  working 
  face, 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  

   which 
  is 
  35 
  feet 
  higher 
  than 
  the 
  yard. 
  The 
  loaded 
  cars 
  run 
  down 
  

   to 
  the 
  dry 
  pans 
  by 
  gravity 
  and 
  are 
  hauled 
  back 
  when 
  emptied 
  by 
  a 
  

   horse. 
  Carts 
  are 
  used 
  to 
  haul 
  the 
  clay. 
  Dry 
  pans 
  grind 
  the 
  shale 
  — 
  

   about 
  one 
  quarter 
  clay 
  and 
  three 
  quarters 
  shale 
  are 
  mixed 
  in 
  a 
  wet 
  

   pan. 
  A 
  man 
  shovels 
  the 
  mixture 
  on 
  an 
  endless 
  belt 
  which 
  carries 
  

   it 
  to 
  the 
  molding 
  machine. 
  The 
  yard 
  is 
  fitted 
  with 
  both 
  a 
  plunger 
  

   and 
  auger 
  stiff 
  mud 
  machine, 
  the 
  former 
  being 
  side-cut, 
  the 
  latter 
  

   end-cut. 
  The 
  green 
  bricks 
  are 
  placed 
  on 
  cars 
  and 
  run 
  into 
  the 
  

   drying 
  tunnels. 
  These 
  are 
  of 
  brick, 
  heated 
  by 
  coal 
  fires, 
  the 
  heat 
  

   passing 
  through 
  flues 
  under 
  the 
  tunnel. 
  Round 
  kilns 
  are 
  used 
  for 
  

   the 
  burning, 
  which 
  takes 
  about 
  five 
  days. 
  The 
  kilns 
  have 
  a 
  capacity 
  

   ©f 
  about 
  60,000. 
  Soft 
  coal 
  is 
  used 
  for 
  burning. 
  

  

  The 
  company 
  manufactures 
  paving 
  brick, 
  hollow 
  brick 
  and 
  terra 
  

   cotta 
  lumber 
  for 
  fireproofing. 
  

  

  Baldwinsville, 
  Onondaga 
  co. 
  Seneca 
  river 
  brick 
  co. 
  The 
  

   works 
  are 
  four 
  miles 
  west 
  of 
  Baldwinsville 
  on 
  the 
  south 
  bank 
  of 
  

   the 
  Seneca 
  river. 
  Their 
  clay 
  bed 
  is 
  6 
  acres 
  in 
  extent. 
  It 
  is 
  blue 
  

   clay 
  weathered 
  to 
  red 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  portion 
  and 
  the 
  blue 
  is 
  stratified. 
  

   Gravel 
  underlies 
  the 
  clay. 
  The 
  red 
  clay 
  is 
  chiefly 
  used, 
  as 
  it 
  bums 
  

   to 
  a 
  better 
  colored 
  brick 
  than 
  the 
  blue. 
  The 
  dry 
  press 
  process 
  is 
  

   used 
  and 
  the 
  bricks 
  are 
  burnt 
  in 
  kilns 
  of 
  the 
  Flood 
  type. 
  These 
  

   are 
  of 
  both 
  up 
  and 
  down-draft. 
  They 
  are 
  18 
  by 
  54 
  feet 
  and 
  have 
  

   20 
  inch 
  walls, 
  which 
  are 
  lined 
  mth 
  fire 
  brick 
  from 
  the 
  doors 
  up. 
  

   There 
  are 
  four 
  fireplaces 
  on 
  each 
  of 
  the 
  long 
  sides 
  and 
  between 
  

   these 
  is 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  smaller 
  ones 
  connected 
  with 
  a 
  set 
  of 
  flues 
  open- 
  

   ing 
  into 
  the 
  lower 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  kiln 
  to 
  give 
  an 
  up-draft. 
  Wood 
  

   fires 
  are 
  started 
  in 
  these 
  smaller 
  fireplaces 
  for 
  water-smoking. 
  The 
  

   larger 
  openings, 
  connecting 
  with 
  individual 
  pockets 
  on 
  the 
  inner 
  

  

  