﻿CLAYS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YOEK 
  719 
  

  

  Western 
  New 
  York 
  yards 
  

  

  Canandaigua, 
  Ontario 
  co. 
  The 
  Xew 
  York 
  hydraulic 
  brick 
  co.'s 
  

   works 
  are 
  about 
  three 
  quarters 
  of 
  a 
  mile 
  southwest 
  of 
  the 
  station; 
  

   their 
  property 
  adjoins 
  the 
  Xew 
  York 
  Central 
  railroad 
  track. 
  The 
  

   clay 
  deposit, 
  which 
  covers 
  several 
  acres, 
  is 
  basin-shaped 
  and 
  has 
  a 
  

   known 
  depth 
  of 
  at 
  least 
  20 
  feet. 
  It 
  is 
  of 
  a 
  blue 
  color, 
  weathered 
  to 
  

   red 
  above, 
  and 
  on 
  top 
  of 
  it 
  is 
  about 
  a 
  foot 
  of 
  peat. 
  The 
  clay 
  after 
  

   being 
  dug 
  in 
  the 
  fall 
  is 
  stored 
  under 
  a 
  shed 
  till 
  spring, 
  when 
  it 
  is 
  

   molded 
  by 
  a 
  hydraulic 
  dry 
  press 
  machine. 
  The 
  brick 
  are 
  set 
  di- 
  

   rectly 
  in 
  the 
  kilns, 
  which 
  are 
  of 
  the 
  Graves 
  type. 
  The 
  blue 
  clay 
  

   burns 
  buff 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  clay 
  a 
  red, 
  so 
  that 
  by 
  mixing 
  the 
  two 
  a 
  

   speckled 
  brick 
  is 
  obtained. 
  This 
  firm 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  in 
  operation 
  

   very 
  long. 
  

  

  The 
  upper 
  clay 
  is 
  qidte 
  siliceous, 
  as 
  the 
  following 
  analysis 
  shows, 
  

   and 
  is 
  similar 
  in 
  composition 
  to 
  the 
  red 
  terra 
  cotta 
  clay 
  at 
  Glens 
  

   Palls. 
  The 
  composition 
  is 
  as 
  follows: 
  

  

  Silica 
  62 
  . 
  23 
  

  

  Alumina 
  16 
  . 
  01 
  

  

  Peroxid 
  of 
  iron 
  6.96 
  

  

  Lime 
  1.21 
  

  

  Magnesia 
  2.21 
  

  

  Alkalis 
  ,.. 
  . 
  5.08 
  

  

  Water 
  (est.) 
  5.30 
  

  

  99.03 
  

  

  A 
  physical 
  test 
  of 
  this 
  clay 
  showed 
  that 
  it 
  required 
  22;^ 
  of 
  water 
  

   to 
  work 
  it 
  up. 
  The 
  air 
  shrinkage 
  was 
  8^, 
  and 
  at 
  incipient 
  fusion 
  it 
  

   was 
  15^, 
  this 
  point 
  being 
  at 
  cone 
  .05. 
  The 
  clay 
  vitrified 
  at 
  cone 
  .03, 
  

   with 
  a 
  total 
  shrinkage 
  of 
  16^, 
  while 
  viscosity 
  began 
  at 
  cone 
  1. 
  The 
  

   clay 
  contains 
  .15^ 
  of 
  soluble 
  salts. 
  The 
  mechanical 
  analysis 
  gave: 
  

  

  Clay 
  substance 
  and 
  silt 
  79 
  . 
  55 
  

  

  Fine 
  sand 
  20.68 
  

  

  100.23 
  

  

  