﻿CLAYS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  

  

  725 
  

  

  used 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  present 
  time. 
  Eolls 
  are 
  used 
  to 
  crush 
  the 
  stones 
  

   and 
  the 
  clay 
  is 
  tempered 
  in 
  a 
  pug 
  mill. 
  Mr 
  Hilton 
  uses 
  a 
  soft 
  mud 
  

   machine 
  of 
  his 
  own 
  manufacture. 
  The 
  brick 
  are 
  dried 
  on 
  pallets 
  — 
  

   the 
  burning, 
  which 
  takes 
  eight 
  to 
  11 
  days, 
  is 
  done 
  in 
  scove-kilns. 
  

   Coke 
  is 
  used 
  for 
  water-smoking 
  and 
  coal 
  for 
  subsequent 
  firing. 
  

   Most 
  of 
  the 
  brick 
  are 
  used 
  in 
  the 
  vicinity. 
  

  

  Jamestown, 
  Chautauqua 
  co. 
  Two 
  yards 
  are 
  in 
  operation 
  4 
  

   miles 
  east 
  of 
  this 
  town, 
  those 
  of 
  C. 
  A. 
  Morley 
  and 
  M. 
  J. 
  Mecusker 
  

   & 
  Son. 
  The 
  two 
  yards 
  adjoin 
  each 
  other, 
  and 
  the 
  deposit 
  of 
  clay 
  

   worked 
  by 
  them 
  is 
  of 
  considerable 
  size. 
  In 
  addition 
  to 
  brick, 
  

   Mecusker 
  & 
  Son 
  make 
  drain 
  tile 
  and 
  hollow 
  brick. 
  The 
  clay 
  de- 
  

   posit 
  is 
  basin-shaped. 
  A 
  boring 
  near 
  the 
  water 
  works 
  showed: 
  

  

  Yellow 
  sand 
  4 
  feet 
  

  

  Quicksand 
  6 
  inches 
  

  

  Yellow 
  clay 
  5 
  feet 
  

  

  Blue 
  clay 
  70 
  " 
  

  

  Hard 
  pan 
  

  

  The 
  Jamestown 
  shale 
  paving 
  brick 
  works 
  are 
  mentioned 
  under 
  

   " 
  Paving 
  brick 
  " 
  and 
  " 
  Shales 
  ". 
  

  

  Randolph, 
  Cattaraugus 
  co. 
  J. 
  Turner 
  owns 
  a 
  brick 
  clay 
  deposit 
  

   at 
  this 
  town, 
  but 
  has 
  ceased 
  working 
  it. 
  

  

  Hoimellsville, 
  Steuben 
  co. 
  The 
  Hornellsville 
  brick 
  and 
  tile 
  co. 
  

   has 
  its 
  works 
  at 
  the 
  north 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  town, 
  which 
  have 
  been 
  run- 
  

   ning 
  one 
  season. 
  It 
  uses 
  a 
  Chemung 
  shale 
  for 
  making 
  brick, 
  and 
  

   has 
  turned 
  its 
  attention 
  thus 
  far 
  to 
  paving 
  brick. 
  The 
  shale 
  is 
  

   mined 
  about 
  a 
  mile 
  from 
  the 
  works. 
  It 
  contains 
  several 
  thin 
  layers 
  

   of 
  sandstone 
  which 
  can 
  not 
  be 
  used. 
  The 
  process 
  as 
  followed 
  here 
  

   consists 
  of 
  grinding 
  the 
  shale 
  in 
  a 
  dry 
  pan, 
  molding 
  in 
  a 
  stiff 
  mud, 
  

   side-cut 
  machine 
  and 
  then 
  repressing. 
  Drying 
  takes 
  about 
  24 
  

   hours, 
  and 
  is 
  done 
  in 
  chambers 
  heated 
  by 
  a 
  hot 
  blast. 
  Burning 
  is 
  

   done 
  in 
  down-draft 
  cupola 
  kilns 
  and 
  takes 
  seven 
  to 
  10 
  days. 
  The 
  

   paving 
  brick 
  are 
  in 
  extensive 
  use 
  in 
  Elmira. 
  

  

  