﻿CLAYS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  Y31 
  

  

  This 
  clay 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  few 
  very 
  calcareous 
  ones 
  that 
  are 
  used 
  in 
  

   New 
  York 
  state. 
  It 
  is 
  very 
  plastic 
  and 
  gritty, 
  and 
  dries 
  to 
  a 
  hard 
  

   dense 
  mass. 
  When 
  worked 
  up 
  from 
  the 
  air-dried 
  condition 
  it 
  takes 
  

   22^ 
  of 
  water. 
  Th.e 
  bricklets 
  shrink 
  6^ 
  in 
  air 
  drying 
  — 
  the 
  air-dried 
  

   briquettes 
  show 
  a 
  tensile 
  strength 
  of 
  from 
  105 
  to 
  175 
  pounds 
  the 
  

   square 
  inch, 
  with 
  an 
  average 
  of 
  118 
  pounds, 
  which 
  is 
  very 
  fair. 
  

  

  Incipient 
  fusion 
  occurs 
  at 
  cone 
  .05, 
  with 
  a 
  shrinkage 
  of 
  8^; 
  

   vitrification 
  at 
  once 
  .02, 
  with 
  10^ 
  shrinkage, 
  while 
  viscosity 
  began 
  

   at 
  cone 
  .01. 
  The 
  clay 
  bums 
  buff, 
  which 
  turns 
  to 
  greenish 
  yellow 
  

   on 
  vitrifying. 
  Soluble 
  salts, 
  .5^. 
  

  

  Homer, 
  Cortland 
  co. 
  The 
  brick 
  yard 
  at 
  this 
  locality 
  belongs 
  

   to 
  Horace 
  Hall 
  of 
  Cortland. 
  His 
  clay 
  bed 
  underlies 
  the 
  flat 
  lands 
  

   near 
  the 
  village 
  of 
  Homer; 
  and 
  is 
  from 
  3 
  to 
  5 
  feet 
  thick. 
  Quick- 
  

   sand 
  underlies 
  the 
  clay; 
  overlying 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  dark 
  soil 
  2 
  to 
  6 
  inches 
  

   thick. 
  The 
  clay 
  is 
  of 
  a 
  bluish 
  color. 
  

  

  Binghamion, 
  Broome 
  co'. 
  There 
  are 
  two' 
  yards 
  in 
  this 
  town, 
  

   viz. 
  Wells 
  & 
  Brigham's 
  and 
  the 
  Ogden 
  brick 
  co.'s. 
  Their 
  clay 
  beds 
  

   are 
  similar, 
  both 
  being 
  shallow 
  deposits 
  6 
  to 
  8 
  feet 
  thick, 
  underlain 
  

   by 
  sand 
  and 
  gravel. 
  The 
  former 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  is 
  a 
  pallet 
  yard, 
  the 
  

   other 
  uses 
  a 
  tunnel 
  drier. 
  Their 
  product 
  is 
  consumed 
  locally. 
  

  

  Brookfield, 
  Madison 
  co. 
  The 
  Brookfield 
  brick 
  co. 
  is 
  the 
  only 
  

   firm 
  manufacturing 
  brick 
  at 
  this 
  locality. 
  

  

  Oneonia, 
  Otsego 
  co. 
  Two 
  firms 
  are 
  manufacturing 
  brick 
  at 
  

   this 
  locality, 
  J. 
  Denton 
  & 
  Son, 
  and 
  Crandall 
  & 
  Marble. 
  The 
  

   works 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  firm 
  are 
  situated 
  on 
  the 
  Albany 
  and 
  Susque- 
  

   hanna 
  railroad 
  near 
  the 
  village 
  of 
  Oneonta. 
  Two 
  kinds 
  of 
  clay 
  

   are 
  used; 
  one 
  of 
  them 
  from 
  a 
  bank, 
  5 
  to 
  20 
  feet 
  in 
  thickness, 
  the 
  

   other 
  from 
  a 
  surface 
  deposit 
  3 
  to 
  5 
  feet 
  in 
  depth. 
  The 
  latter 
  bed 
  

   is 
  underlain 
  by 
  sand. 
  The 
  product 
  is 
  consumed 
  by 
  the 
  local 
  

   market. 
  

  

  Goshen, 
  Orange 
  co. 
  P. 
  Hayne 
  has 
  a 
  clay 
  deposit 
  55 
  feet 
  deep, 
  

   underlain 
  by 
  black 
  gTavel. 
  There 
  is 
  a 
  slight 
  stripping 
  of 
  sod. 
  Both 
  

   drain 
  tile 
  and 
  brick 
  are 
  made 
  from 
  the 
  clay. 
  

  

  