﻿734 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  Carts 
  are 
  used 
  to 
  haul 
  it 
  to 
  the 
  yard. 
  Pumps 
  have 
  to 
  be 
  used 
  

   to 
  keep 
  out 
  the 
  water 
  which 
  conies 
  up 
  through 
  the 
  underlying 
  

   sand. 
  The 
  clay 
  is 
  tempered 
  without 
  the 
  addition 
  of 
  sand 
  in 
  ring 
  

   pits 
  run 
  by 
  horse 
  power. 
  The 
  bricks 
  are 
  dried 
  either 
  on 
  the 
  open 
  

   yard 
  or 
  on 
  pallets 
  and 
  burnt 
  in 
  scove-kilns 
  with 
  wood. 
  They 
  are 
  

   shipped 
  on 
  the 
  Long 
  Island 
  railroad, 
  which 
  passes 
  by 
  the 
  yard. 
  

  

  Oyster 
  Bay, 
  Queens 
  co. 
  An 
  extensive 
  deposit 
  of 
  clay 
  is 
  being 
  

   worked 
  on 
  Center 
  island, 
  in 
  Oyster 
  bay, 
  by 
  Dunn, 
  Dolan 
  & 
  Co. 
  

   They 
  manufacture 
  common 
  brick. 
  The 
  bank 
  adjoins 
  the 
  yard, 
  

   and 
  the 
  clay, 
  which 
  is 
  in 
  thin 
  layers, 
  separated 
  by 
  fine 
  laminae 
  of 
  

   sand, 
  is 
  of 
  a 
  bluish 
  color 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  portions 
  of 
  the 
  deposit, 
  brown- 
  

   ish 
  above. 
  The 
  brown 
  clay 
  is 
  more 
  sandy; 
  there 
  is 
  6 
  or 
  '8 
  feet 
  of 
  

   it. 
  Over 
  the 
  brown 
  is 
  a 
  less 
  gritty 
  and 
  tougher 
  clay, 
  which 
  runs 
  

   nearly 
  to 
  the 
  surface. 
  The 
  total 
  hight 
  of 
  the 
  bank 
  is 
  about 
  25 
  

   feet, 
  but 
  the 
  front 
  is 
  broken 
  up 
  into 
  several 
  wide 
  benches. 
  Springs 
  

   issue 
  from 
  several 
  sandy 
  spots 
  in 
  the 
  blue 
  clay. 
  In 
  making 
  the 
  

   brick 
  the 
  different 
  grades 
  of 
  clay 
  are 
  mixed 
  together, 
  a 
  certain 
  pro- 
  

   portion 
  of 
  sand, 
  and 
  some 
  coal 
  dust 
  added. 
  Ring 
  pits 
  are 
  used 
  

   for 
  tempering. 
  The 
  brick 
  are 
  dried 
  on 
  an 
  open 
  yard 
  and 
  burned 
  

   in 
  scove-kilns. 
  They 
  settle 
  8 
  to 
  10 
  inches 
  in 
  burning. 
  

  

  West 
  neck, 
  Suffolk 
  co. 
  The 
  clay 
  at 
  this 
  locality 
  rises 
  in 
  a 
  bank 
  

   to 
  a 
  hight 
  of 
  over 
  100 
  feet. 
  There 
  are 
  three 
  yards 
  but 
  only 
  two 
  

   are 
  active. 
  Both 
  are 
  along 
  the 
  east 
  shore 
  of 
  Coldspring 
  Harbor. 
  

   The 
  most 
  southern 
  one 
  belongs 
  to 
  Dr 
  Jones. 
  The 
  clay 
  in 
  this 
  bank 
  

   is 
  of 
  a 
  red 
  and 
  brown 
  color, 
  there 
  being 
  about 
  25 
  feet 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  

   a.t 
  the 
  bottom, 
  while 
  above 
  it 
  is 
  the 
  red, 
  which 
  is 
  of 
  a 
  more 
  sandy 
  

   nature. 
  There 
  is 
  an 
  upper 
  covering 
  of 
  15 
  or 
  20 
  feet 
  of 
  yellow 
  

   gravel 
  and 
  sand, 
  which 
  after 
  screening 
  is 
  used, 
  for 
  tempering. 
  This 
  

   latter 
  is 
  done 
  in 
  ring 
  pits. 
  All 
  the 
  machinery 
  is 
  run 
  by 
  horse 
  power. 
  

   The 
  bricks 
  are 
  dried 
  on 
  an 
  open 
  yard 
  and 
  burnt 
  in 
  scove-kilns. 
  The 
  

   product 
  is 
  loaded 
  on 
  schooners 
  and 
  sent 
  to 
  jN'ew 
  England 
  and 
  New 
  

   York 
  city. 
  The 
  lower 
  brown 
  clay 
  has 
  been 
  used 
  for 
  coarser 
  gi'ades 
  

   of 
  pottery. 
  Its 
  composition 
  is 
  given 
  below. 
  

  

  