﻿CLAYS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  

  

  743 
  

  

  Wood 
  <fc 
  Keenan's 
  yard 
  is 
  situated 
  on 
  the 
  shore 
  of 
  Arthurs 
  kill, 
  

   opposite 
  Carteret. 
  It 
  is 
  an 
  open 
  yard 
  of 
  greater 
  capacity 
  than 
  its 
  

   output. 
  The 
  clay 
  is 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  character 
  as 
  McCabe's. 
  It 
  is 
  

   tough 
  and 
  has 
  to 
  be 
  worked 
  with 
  picks. 
  The 
  pit 
  is 
  about 
  10 
  feet 
  

   deep. 
  Ring 
  pits 
  are 
  used 
  for 
  tempering 
  and 
  the 
  bricks 
  are 
  burnt 
  

   with 
  wood. 
  !N'ew 
  York 
  city 
  and 
  Newark 
  are 
  the 
  chief 
  markets. 
  

  

  The 
  INTew 
  York 
  Anderson 
  pressed 
  brick 
  co. 
  has 
  its 
  works 
  at 
  

   Kreischerville 
  adjoining 
  Kreischer's 
  fire 
  brick 
  factory. 
  Various 
  

   styles 
  of 
  ornamental 
  and 
  pressed 
  brick 
  are 
  made. 
  The 
  clay 
  is 
  ob- 
  

   tained 
  from 
  a 
  pit 
  near 
  Greenridge. 
  It 
  is 
  of 
  a 
  black 
  and 
  gray 
  color. 
  

   The 
  pit 
  is 
  worked 
  in 
  benches, 
  the 
  clay 
  being 
  hoisted 
  in 
  buckets 
  and 
  

   loaded 
  on 
  cars 
  which 
  are 
  run 
  down 
  to 
  the 
  works. 
  

  

  The 
  works 
  have 
  not 
  been 
  in 
  operation 
  for 
  several 
  years. 
  

  

  Paving 
  brick 
  

  

  The 
  total 
  number 
  of 
  paving 
  brick 
  produced 
  in 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  

   in 
  1897 
  was 
  435,851,000, 
  valued 
  at 
  $3,582,037. 
  Of 
  this 
  amount 
  

   ISTew 
  York 
  produced 
  28,145,000, 
  valued 
  at 
  $309,564, 
  an 
  average 
  

   price 
  of 
  $11 
  a 
  thousand. 
  

  

  One 
  reason 
  that 
  paving 
  brick 
  have 
  not 
  been 
  made 
  in 
  greater 
  

   quantities 
  is 
  that 
  iSTew 
  York 
  lies 
  in 
  a 
  region 
  abundantly 
  supplied 
  

   with 
  stone 
  which 
  can 
  be 
  used 
  for 
  the 
  same 
  pui'pose. 
  Nevertheless 
  

   many 
  cities 
  of 
  the 
  state 
  have 
  adopted 
  brick 
  pavements, 
  among 
  them 
  

   Binghamton, 
  Lockport, 
  Buffalo, 
  Rochester, 
  Syracuse, 
  Troy, 
  Water- 
  

   town, 
  Ithaca, 
  Coming, 
  Elmira, 
  Dunkirk, 
  Jamestown, 
  Tonawanda, 
  

   Niagara 
  Falls, 
  and 
  Brooklyn. 
  Paving 
  brick 
  were 
  formerly 
  made 
  

   only 
  of 
  fire 
  clay, 
  and 
  indeed 
  this 
  was 
  considered 
  the 
  only 
  material 
  

   fit 
  to 
  be 
  used. 
  At 
  the 
  present 
  time 
  however 
  the 
  material 
  most 
  used 
  

   is 
  either 
  shale 
  or 
  clay 
  (preferably 
  the 
  former) 
  which 
  burns 
  to 
  a 
  

   vitrified 
  body. 
  

  

  The 
  clays 
  used 
  should 
  have 
  sufficient 
  fluxing 
  impurities 
  to 
  enable 
  

   them 
  to 
  burn 
  to 
  a 
  dense 
  impervious 
  body 
  at 
  a 
  moderate 
  tempera- 
  

   ture. 
  The 
  following 
  average 
  composition 
  is 
  given 
  by 
  Wheeler 
  for 
  

   a 
  paving 
  brick 
  clay, 
  being 
  deduced 
  from 
  50 
  sources.-^ 
  

  

  1 
  Vitrified 
  paving 
  trick, 
  1895. 
  Indianapolis. 
  

  

  