﻿CLAYS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YOEK 
  Y53 
  

  

  line 
  of 
  wear 
  produced 
  when 
  brick 
  are 
  laid 
  with 
  sand 
  filler 
  in 
  the 
  

   street 
  ". 
  

  

  The 
  charge 
  adopted 
  by 
  Mr 
  Jones 
  consists 
  of 
  150 
  pounds 
  of 
  cast- 
  

   iron 
  cubes, 
  each 
  -J 
  inch 
  each 
  way, 
  and 
  weighing 
  .87 
  of 
  a 
  pound. 
  

   The 
  rattler 
  is 
  revolved 
  3000 
  times. 
  Bricks 
  which 
  are 
  considered 
  

   standard 
  lose 
  5^ 
  of 
  weight; 
  these 
  would 
  be 
  condemned 
  if 
  found 
  

   on 
  the 
  street. 
  

  

  Mr 
  Jones 
  analyzes 
  the 
  action 
  of 
  his 
  rattler 
  as 
  follows. 
  First, 
  the 
  

   ascending 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  rattler 
  carries 
  up 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  charge 
  of 
  cubes, 
  

   imparting 
  to 
  them 
  its 
  velocity. 
  When 
  carried 
  beyond 
  the 
  center 
  

   they 
  are 
  thrown 
  toward 
  the 
  opposite 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  rattler 
  chamber, 
  

   and 
  therefore 
  strike 
  on 
  the 
  unprotected 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  brick, 
  chip- 
  

   ping 
  the 
  edges, 
  cutting 
  into 
  the 
  surface, 
  and 
  doing 
  all 
  that 
  the 
  calks 
  

   of 
  a 
  horse's 
  shoe 
  can 
  do. 
  Second, 
  as 
  only 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  charge 
  of 
  

   cubes 
  can 
  be 
  carried 
  upward 
  by 
  the 
  ascending 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  rattler 
  

   chamber, 
  the 
  rest 
  slide 
  and 
  roll 
  over 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  brick 
  at 
  

   the 
  lowest 
  point, 
  grinding 
  and 
  wearing 
  them 
  away. 
  

  

  Thus 
  we 
  have 
  : 
  

  

  1 
  Brick 
  in 
  position 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  street 
  

  

  2 
  Continual 
  raining 
  of 
  iron 
  cubes 
  on 
  the 
  surface 
  — 
  analogous 
  to 
  

   the 
  shock 
  of 
  horses' 
  feet 
  

  

  3 
  Attrition 
  and 
  rolling 
  wear 
  as 
  of 
  wagons 
  

  

  4 
  Wear 
  confined 
  to 
  the 
  narrow 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  brick 
  — 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  

   street 
  

  

  5 
  Uniform 
  and 
  standard 
  abrading 
  material 
  

  

  6 
  Like 
  conditions 
  for 
  testing 
  any 
  material 
  from 
  fir© 
  clay 
  to 
  

   shale 
  

  

  7 
  Influences 
  of 
  change 
  of 
  form 
  minimized 
  

  

  8 
  Weight, 
  cross-section, 
  form 
  and 
  structure 
  estimated 
  at 
  true 
  

   value, 
  as 
  they 
  are 
  all 
  reduced 
  to 
  surface 
  and 
  resisting 
  quality 
  of 
  

   material. 
  

  

  As 
  only 
  one 
  edge 
  is 
  subjected 
  to 
  abrasion, 
  it 
  is 
  possible 
  to 
  

   multiply 
  the 
  loss 
  of 
  weight 
  suffered 
  by 
  one 
  brick 
  by 
  the 
  number 
  

   required 
  to 
  lay 
  a 
  yard 
  and 
  thus 
  ascertain 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  pounds 
  

  

  