﻿CLAYS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  759 
  

  

  A 
  cornice 
  modillion 
  made 
  by 
  the 
  !N'orthwestern 
  terra 
  cotta 
  co. 
  

   was 
  braced 
  on 
  a 
  firm 
  support, 
  in 
  a 
  horizontal 
  position, 
  the 
  portion 
  

   which 
  would 
  project 
  beyond 
  the 
  wall 
  being 
  free 
  of 
  course. 
  At 
  the 
  

   wall 
  line 
  this 
  modillion 
  was 
  11^ 
  inches 
  high, 
  8 
  inches 
  wide 
  on 
  its 
  

   face, 
  and 
  projected 
  2 
  feet. 
  It 
  carried 
  a 
  weight 
  of 
  more 
  than 
  2 
  

   tons 
  without 
  breaking. 
  

  

  A 
  smaller 
  modillion 
  made 
  by 
  the 
  New 
  York 
  architectural 
  terra 
  

   cotta 
  company 
  was 
  similarly 
  tested. 
  It 
  was 
  5-J 
  inches 
  high, 
  6 
  

   inches 
  wide 
  at 
  wall 
  line 
  and 
  had 
  a 
  projection 
  of 
  14 
  inches. 
  Allow- 
  

   ing 
  the 
  same 
  thickness 
  of 
  shell 
  (for 
  these 
  modillions 
  are 
  hollow), 
  

   the 
  second 
  would 
  have 
  about 
  half 
  the 
  sectional 
  area, 
  but 
  more 
  than 
  

   half 
  the 
  projection 
  of 
  the 
  first. 
  It 
  was 
  loaded 
  in 
  a 
  similar 
  manner, 
  

   and 
  finally 
  broke 
  at 
  the 
  wall 
  line 
  under 
  a 
  weight 
  of 
  2650 
  pounds. 
  

   Another 
  bracket 
  made 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  mold 
  was 
  loaded 
  with 
  2400 
  

   pounds 
  and 
  sustained 
  this 
  weight 
  without 
  breaking. 
  A 
  slightly 
  

   larger 
  bracket 
  made 
  from 
  a 
  different 
  clay 
  was 
  loaded 
  with 
  3200 
  

   pounds 
  of 
  pig 
  iron 
  without 
  yielding. 
  

  

  The 
  relative 
  resistance 
  of 
  terra 
  cotta 
  and 
  stone 
  to 
  fire 
  was 
  re- 
  

   cently 
  tested 
  in 
  an 
  interesting 
  manner. 
  Cubes 
  of 
  granite, 
  sand- 
  

   stone, 
  limestone 
  and 
  marble, 
  and 
  terra 
  cotta 
  cubes 
  of 
  corresponding 
  

   color 
  were 
  taken; 
  all 
  eight 
  were 
  placed 
  in 
  the 
  hottest 
  portion 
  of 
  

   the 
  kiln. 
  When 
  thoroughly 
  heated 
  they 
  were 
  withdrawn, 
  and 
  

   the 
  stone 
  cubes 
  allowed 
  to 
  cool 
  slightly 
  and 
  then 
  immersed 
  in 
  

   water, 
  while 
  those 
  of 
  terra 
  cotta 
  were 
  plunged 
  directly 
  into 
  water.*^ 
  

   The 
  result 
  is 
  here 
  given. 
  

  

  Granite 
  Cracked, 
  and 
  melted 
  superficially 
  

  

  Sandstone 
  Crumbled 
  

  

  Limestone 
  and 
  marble 
  Calcined 
  

  

  Terra 
  cotta 
  Intact 
  ; 
  two 
  very 
  slightly 
  cracked 
  

  

  Terra 
  cotta 
  clays 
  

  

  Staten 
  Island. 
  The 
  clays 
  mined 
  for 
  this 
  purpose 
  in 
  the 
  pits 
  of 
  

   B. 
  Kreischer's 
  Sons 
  have 
  been 
  mentioned 
  under 
  fire 
  clays. 
  

  

  In 
  addition 
  to 
  that 
  clay, 
  much 
  is 
  also 
  quarried 
  by 
  T. 
  Eyan 
  near 
  

   Roseville. 
  This 
  is 
  a 
  sandy, 
  somewhat 
  ferruginous 
  clay, 
  and 
  is 
  

  

  1 
  T. 
  Cusack, 
  Brickhuilder, 
  Jan. 
  1899. 
  p. 
  14. 
  

  

  