﻿Y68 
  KEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  Manufacture 
  of 
  sewer 
  pipe 
  

  

  If 
  a 
  sliale 
  or 
  very 
  hard 
  clay 
  is 
  used 
  the 
  material 
  is 
  first 
  ground 
  

   in 
  a 
  dry 
  pan, 
  after 
  which, 
  or 
  directly, 
  if 
  soft 
  clay 
  is 
  used, 
  the 
  

   material 
  is 
  put 
  into 
  the 
  wet 
  pan, 
  or 
  chaser 
  mill, 
  either 
  of 
  which 
  in 
  

   a 
  few 
  minutes 
  tempers 
  a 
  charge 
  of 
  clay 
  in 
  a 
  thorough 
  manner. 
  This 
  

   method 
  of 
  tempering 
  is 
  far 
  more 
  thorough 
  and 
  quicker 
  than 
  the 
  

   work 
  of 
  a 
  pug 
  mill, 
  though 
  requiring 
  more 
  power. 
  

  

  The 
  tempered 
  clay 
  is 
  usually 
  conveyed 
  to 
  the 
  upper 
  floor 
  of 
  the 
  

   factory 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  bucket 
  elevators, 
  where 
  it 
  is 
  delivered 
  to 
  the 
  

   sewer 
  pipe 
  press. 
  This 
  press 
  consists 
  of 
  two 
  cylinders, 
  an 
  upper 
  

   steam 
  cylinder 
  and 
  a 
  lower 
  clay 
  cylinder, 
  the 
  ratio 
  of 
  their 
  diam- 
  

   eters 
  being 
  most 
  often 
  as 
  3 
  to 
  1. 
  The 
  steam 
  cylinder 
  has 
  a 
  diameter 
  

   of 
  about 
  40 
  inches; 
  the 
  piston 
  of 
  the 
  steam 
  cylinder 
  is 
  moved 
  both 
  

   upward 
  and 
  downward. 
  

  

  The 
  clay 
  cylinder 
  is 
  filled 
  with 
  clay; 
  and 
  the 
  piston 
  then 
  forced 
  

   downward 
  by 
  the 
  piston 
  of 
  the 
  steam 
  cylinder 
  above, 
  the 
  pis- 
  

   ton 
  rod 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  being 
  continuous. 
  This 
  forces 
  the 
  clay 
  out 
  

   through 
  a 
  specially 
  constructed 
  die 
  at 
  the 
  lower 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  clay 
  

   cylinder. 
  Inside 
  of 
  the 
  cylinder 
  at 
  its 
  lower 
  end 
  is 
  the 
  bell, 
  which 
  

   regulates 
  the 
  internal 
  dimension 
  of 
  the 
  pipe. 
  The 
  clay 
  pipe 
  issues 
  

   from 
  the 
  press 
  till 
  of 
  sufficient 
  length, 
  when 
  the 
  machine 
  is 
  stopped, 
  

   and 
  the 
  pipe 
  cut 
  off, 
  and 
  removed 
  to 
  the 
  drying 
  floor. 
  The 
  cutting 
  

   off 
  of 
  the 
  clay 
  pipe 
  takes 
  place 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  die 
  either 
  

   by 
  means 
  of 
  a 
  wire 
  or 
  an 
  automatic 
  knife 
  edge- 
  set 
  within 
  the 
  die. 
  

  

  The 
  drying 
  of 
  the 
  pipe 
  is 
  often 
  done 
  on 
  slatted 
  floors, 
  or 
  at 
  other 
  

   times 
  on 
  solid 
  ones, 
  in 
  steam-heated 
  rooms. 
  The 
  small 
  diameter 
  

   pipe 
  can 
  be 
  dried 
  comparatively 
  fast, 
  but 
  the 
  large 
  ones 
  must 
  be 
  

   dried 
  very 
  slowly. 
  

  

  Sewer 
  pipe 
  are 
  usually 
  burned 
  in 
  down-draft 
  kilns, 
  from 
  16 
  to 
  

   25 
  feet 
  in 
  diameter, 
  (pi. 
  97) 
  The 
  pipes 
  are 
  set 
  on 
  one 
  another, 
  

   and 
  when 
  they 
  are 
  of 
  several 
  sizes 
  can 
  be 
  nested. 
  

  

  Sewer 
  pipe 
  should 
  be 
  free 
  from 
  blisters, 
  cracks 
  and 
  other 
  defects, 
  

   and 
  should 
  be 
  straight. 
  

  

  