﻿CLAYS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  771 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  considered 
  by 
  many 
  that 
  tlie 
  best 
  form 
  of 
  tile 
  is 
  the 
  sole 
  

   tile 
  with 
  an 
  egg-shaped 
  section 
  having 
  the 
  smallest 
  diameter 
  across 
  

   the 
  bottom, 
  which 
  keeps 
  the 
  water 
  collected 
  in 
  the 
  smallest 
  possible 
  

   space 
  and 
  secures 
  a 
  good 
  current 
  to 
  carry 
  off 
  the 
  sediment. 
  The 
  

   horseshoe 
  tile 
  is 
  objected 
  to, 
  as 
  it 
  is 
  liable 
  to 
  break 
  from 
  the 
  

   lateral 
  pressure 
  of 
  the 
  soil. 
  In 
  Westchester 
  co. 
  glazed 
  sewer 
  

   pipe 
  are 
  generally 
  used 
  for 
  draining 
  the 
  soil, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  doubtful 
  

   if 
  there 
  is 
  any 
  special 
  advantage 
  to 
  warrant 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  this 
  more 
  

   expensive 
  material. 
  In 
  size 
  the 
  tiles 
  range 
  from 
  2 
  to 
  12 
  inches 
  

   in 
  diameter 
  and 
  1 
  to 
  2 
  feet 
  in 
  length. 
  They 
  are 
  laid 
  at 
  varying 
  

   distances 
  below 
  the 
  surface, 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  depth 
  the 
  gTound 
  is 
  to 
  

   be 
  drained. 
  A 
  drain 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  draw 
  water 
  from 
  the 
  soil 
  on 
  either 
  

   side 
  for 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  from 
  30 
  to 
  100 
  feet, 
  according 
  to 
  depth 
  of 
  

   drain 
  -and 
  character 
  of 
  soil. 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  firms 
  in 
  this 
  state 
  are 
  making 
  drain 
  tile. 
  

  

  Albany, 
  Albany 
  co. 
  The 
  New 
  York 
  state 
  drain 
  tile 
  works 
  are 
  

   large 
  producers. 
  The 
  drain 
  tile 
  are 
  made 
  in 
  numerous 
  sizes. 
  

   Hudson 
  river 
  clay 
  is 
  used. 
  Front 
  brick 
  are 
  manufactured. 
  

  

  Chittenango, 
  Madison 
  co. 
  Central 
  N. 
  Y. 
  drain 
  tile 
  and 
  brick 
  

   CO. 
  Only 
  tile 
  manufactured 
  at 
  present. 
  The 
  plant 
  is 
  situated 
  

   about 
  1 
  mile 
  from 
  the 
  lN"ew 
  York 
  Central 
  railroad, 
  and 
  three 
  

   quarters 
  of 
  a 
  mile 
  from 
  the 
  West 
  Shore 
  railroad, 
  a 
  few 
  rods 
  south 
  

   of 
  the 
  Erie 
  canal. 
  The 
  clay 
  bed 
  lies 
  at 
  the 
  foot 
  of 
  the 
  hill. 
  There 
  

   is 
  no 
  stripping, 
  and 
  sand 
  underlies 
  the 
  clay. 
  The 
  tiles 
  are 
  made 
  

   with 
  horse 
  power 
  machinery, 
  dried 
  under 
  sheds 
  and 
  burned 
  in 
  

   down-draft 
  kilns. 
  

  

  Allenshill, 
  Ontario 
  co. 
  B. 
  G. 
  Abbey's 
  are 
  the 
  only 
  works 
  here. 
  

   Few 
  brick 
  have 
  been 
  manufactured 
  for 
  several 
  years, 
  as 
  drain 
  tile 
  

   is 
  the 
  chief 
  production. 
  After 
  stripping 
  a 
  few 
  inches 
  of 
  soil 
  

   the 
  clay 
  is 
  mixed 
  from 
  top 
  to 
  bottom 
  of 
  the 
  bank 
  for 
  use. 
  The 
  

   bank 
  is 
  20 
  to 
  25 
  feet 
  in 
  hight, 
  and 
  the 
  clay 
  is 
  blue 
  in 
  color, 
  be- 
  

   coming 
  reddish 
  gray 
  near 
  the 
  surface. 
  A 
  small 
  amount 
  of 
  coal 
  

   dust 
  is 
  added 
  to 
  the 
  clay. 
  The 
  tiles 
  are 
  made 
  of 
  various 
  sizes. 
  

  

  East 
  Bethany, 
  Genesee 
  co. 
  B. 
  F. 
  Peck 
  manufactures 
  brick 
  and 
  

   drain 
  tile. 
  The 
  clay 
  deposit 
  worked 
  is 
  a 
  portion 
  of 
  a 
  strip 
  1 
  to 
  

  

  