﻿Y84 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  Other 
  refractory 
  articles 
  are 
  locomotive 
  and 
  steamboat 
  tile, 
  steel 
  

   runners, 
  sleeves, 
  nozzles, 
  crucibles, 
  stove 
  linings, 
  glass 
  pots, 
  gas 
  

   retorts, 
  tuyeres, 
  rolling-mill 
  tiles, 
  hexagon 
  stove 
  shapes, 
  grate 
  backs 
  

   and 
  stove 
  linings. 
  

  

  In 
  addition 
  to 
  fire 
  bricks 
  made 
  from 
  clay 
  alone, 
  several 
  other 
  

   types 
  of 
  refractory 
  bricks 
  are 
  recognized. 
  

  

  Dinas 
  brick 
  are 
  made 
  of 
  about 
  97^ 
  silica 
  and 
  3^ 
  of 
  some 
  material 
  

   such 
  as 
  lime 
  to 
  bind 
  the 
  grains 
  together. 
  

  

  Silica 
  brick 
  is 
  practically 
  another 
  name 
  for 
  the 
  above 
  mentioned. 
  

  

  Ganister 
  is 
  a 
  refractory 
  silicious 
  rock 
  which 
  has 
  about 
  enough 
  

   clayey 
  matter 
  to 
  hold 
  it 
  together 
  when 
  wet. 
  

  

  Magnesite 
  bricks 
  are 
  made 
  of 
  magnesite, 
  the 
  carbonate 
  of 
  mag- 
  

   nesia. 
  

  

  Manufacture 
  of 
  fire 
  brick 
  

  

  Fire 
  brick 
  are 
  commonly 
  made 
  of 
  a 
  mixture 
  of 
  clays, 
  to 
  wliich 
  is 
  

   added 
  a 
  certain 
  percentage 
  of 
  ground 
  fire 
  brick 
  or 
  burned 
  clay, 
  

   and 
  sometimes 
  sand. 
  If 
  the 
  clay 
  is 
  in 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  shale, 
  it 
  is 
  

   commonly 
  ground 
  in 
  a 
  dry 
  pan, 
  and 
  the 
  old 
  brick 
  which 
  serve 
  as 
  

   grog 
  are 
  treated 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  machine. 
  

  

  The 
  different 
  ingredients 
  are 
  often 
  charged 
  into 
  a 
  large 
  pit, 
  one 
  

   layer 
  over 
  another, 
  and 
  the 
  whole 
  mass 
  thoroughly 
  soaked 
  with 
  

   water. 
  When 
  sufiiciently 
  soaked 
  the 
  mixture 
  goes 
  to 
  some 
  form 
  

   of 
  pug 
  mill, 
  in 
  which 
  it 
  becomes 
  more 
  thoroughly 
  mixed. 
  

  

  In 
  some 
  works 
  the 
  clay 
  is 
  tempered 
  in 
  a 
  wet 
  pan, 
  which 
  for 
  flint 
  

   clays 
  has 
  to 
  be 
  of 
  more 
  powerful 
  construction 
  than 
  for 
  shales. 
  

  

  The 
  molding 
  of 
  fire 
  brick 
  is 
  ordinarily 
  done 
  by 
  hand 
  in 
  wooden 
  

   molds, 
  though 
  a 
  minority 
  of 
  fire-brick 
  manufacturers 
  use 
  stiff 
  mud 
  

   or 
  soft 
  mud 
  machines. 
  

  

  The 
  machine-made 
  fire 
  brick 
  meet 
  objectors 
  whO' 
  say 
  that 
  their 
  

   density 
  reduces 
  too 
  much 
  their 
  resistance 
  to 
  alternations 
  of 
  tempera- 
  

   ture, 
  and 
  the 
  lamination 
  imparted 
  by 
  stifi 
  mud 
  machines 
  is 
  also 
  

   brought 
  forward 
  as 
  an 
  objection; 
  but, 
  as 
  fire 
  brick 
  clays 
  are 
  often 
  

   less 
  plastic 
  than 
  many 
  used 
  for 
  common 
  or 
  front 
  brick, 
  the 
  lam- 
  

   inations 
  are 
  less 
  pronounced. 
  

  

  