﻿CLAYS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  

  

  791 
  

  

  POTTEKY 
  

  

  The 
  term 
  pottery 
  is 
  properly 
  applied 
  to 
  such 
  articles 
  for 
  domestic 
  

   or 
  ornamental 
  use 
  as 
  can 
  be 
  turned 
  on 
  a 
  potter's 
  wheel. 
  While 
  this 
  

   was 
  the 
  original 
  method 
  of 
  forming 
  such 
  wares, 
  in 
  the 
  progress 
  of 
  

   the 
  art 
  many 
  other 
  methods 
  have 
  been 
  devised, 
  which, 
  in 
  some 
  

   cases, 
  have 
  superseded 
  the 
  potter's 
  wheel, 
  though 
  this 
  useful 
  ma- 
  

   chine 
  is 
  still 
  employed 
  to 
  a 
  large 
  extent. 
  

  

  Description 
  of 
  different 
  grades 
  

  

  The 
  more 
  important 
  grades 
  of 
  pottery 
  which 
  are 
  recognized 
  are 
  

   quite 
  numerous. 
  

  

  Earthenware. 
  This 
  is 
  the 
  lowest 
  grade 
  of 
  pottery, 
  and 
  is 
  usually 
  

   made 
  from 
  medium 
  or 
  poorer 
  grades 
  of 
  clay. 
  The 
  body 
  is 
  either 
  

   red 
  or 
  buff, 
  and 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  porous. 
  Earthenware 
  vessels 
  will 
  not 
  

   hold 
  liquids 
  unless 
  glazed, 
  owing 
  to 
  their 
  porous 
  nature. 
  The 
  

   common 
  forms 
  of 
  earthenware 
  are 
  flower 
  pots, 
  crocks 
  and 
  jugs. 
  

  

  In 
  recent 
  years 
  glazed 
  or 
  slipped 
  earthenware 
  for 
  ornamental 
  

   application 
  has 
  found 
  an 
  extensive 
  use. 
  

  

  Stoneware 
  differs 
  from 
  earthenware 
  only 
  in 
  degTce, 
  the 
  former 
  

   being 
  burned 
  to 
  vitrification, 
  with 
  the 
  result 
  that 
  the 
  body 
  is 
  im- 
  

   pervious 
  to 
  moisture. 
  The 
  color 
  of 
  the 
  body 
  is 
  either 
  red, 
  buff 
  or 
  

   bluish 
  black, 
  but 
  this 
  is 
  frequently 
  masked 
  by 
  a 
  coating 
  of 
  salt 
  glaze 
  

   or 
  slip. 
  

  

  The 
  burning 
  and 
  glazing 
  are 
  done 
  in 
  one 
  operation; 
  and 
  if 
  the 
  

   ware 
  is 
  coated 
  with 
  slip 
  the 
  latter 
  is 
  applied 
  to 
  the 
  unburned 
  clay. 
  

  

  The 
  uses 
  of 
  stoneware 
  are 
  chiefly 
  domestic, 
  though 
  much 
  

   ornamental 
  pottery 
  has 
  a 
  stoneware 
  body; 
  the 
  Elemish 
  ware 
  so 
  ex- 
  

   tensively 
  imported 
  to 
  this 
  country 
  belongs 
  to 
  this 
  class. 
  

  

  Stoneware 
  is 
  commonly 
  made 
  from 
  refractory 
  or 
  semi-refractory 
  

   clays; 
  the 
  best 
  results 
  are 
  often 
  obtained 
  by 
  using 
  a 
  mixture 
  of 
  

   them. 
  The 
  clays 
  used 
  should 
  have 
  sufficient 
  plasticity 
  to 
  permit 
  

   their 
  being 
  molded 
  without 
  cracking. 
  The 
  tensile 
  strength 
  should 
  

  

  