﻿814 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  and 
  the 
  body 
  and 
  the 
  former 
  absorbs 
  elements 
  of 
  the 
  latter, 
  alter- 
  

   ing 
  its 
  composition 
  and 
  consequently 
  its 
  properties. 
  This 
  over 
  burn- 
  

   ing 
  of 
  the 
  glaze 
  is 
  the 
  principle 
  used 
  by 
  the 
  Chinese 
  to 
  produce 
  

   their 
  celebrated 
  crackle 
  ware. 
  

  

  Kilns. 
  The 
  type 
  of 
  kiln 
  used 
  depends 
  on 
  the 
  ware, 
  the 
  tem- 
  

   perature 
  to 
  be 
  obtained, 
  and 
  the 
  fuel. 
  

  

  In 
  this 
  country 
  a 
  round 
  vertical 
  kiln 
  is 
  generally 
  used 
  for 
  both 
  

   the 
  first 
  and 
  the 
  second 
  burning. 
  The 
  first 
  burning, 
  which 
  is 
  known 
  

   as 
  the 
  biscuit 
  burn, 
  is 
  done 
  at 
  a 
  lower 
  temperature. 
  The 
  second 
  

   firing 
  is 
  done 
  in 
  a 
  similar 
  kiln, 
  known 
  as 
  the 
  Glost 
  kiln. 
  After 
  the 
  

   ware 
  has 
  been 
  burned 
  with 
  a 
  glaze 
  on 
  it, 
  it 
  is 
  sometimes 
  decorated 
  

   and 
  then 
  fired 
  a 
  third 
  time 
  in 
  what 
  is 
  known 
  as 
  a 
  muffle 
  kiln. 
  

  

  The 
  tAvo 
  points 
  necessary 
  in 
  a 
  kiln 
  are 
  first 
  equal 
  distribution 
  of 
  

   heat, 
  and 
  secondly 
  economy 
  of 
  fuel, 
  with 
  a 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  

   maximum 
  heat. 
  

  

  Most 
  of 
  the 
  kilns 
  used 
  are 
  down-draft, 
  and 
  in 
  these 
  we 
  get 
  a 
  

   more 
  complete 
  combustion, 
  for 
  the 
  reason 
  that 
  the 
  air 
  and 
  gases 
  

   must 
  follow 
  a 
  longer 
  path, 
  and 
  consequently, 
  get 
  a 
  better 
  chance 
  to 
  

   mix. 
  The 
  continuous 
  type 
  of 
  kiln 
  is 
  little 
  used 
  in 
  this 
  country, 
  

   though 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  used 
  with 
  marked 
  success 
  abroad 
  for 
  the 
  burn- 
  

   ing 
  of 
  both 
  white 
  earthenware 
  and 
  porcelain. 
  

  

  Methods 
  of 
  decoration 
  

  

  These 
  seem 
  to 
  deserve 
  special 
  mention, 
  as 
  in 
  many 
  cases 
  they 
  

   form 
  an 
  important 
  and 
  distinct 
  branch 
  of 
  the 
  pottery 
  industry. 
  

  

  Decoration 
  may 
  be 
  imparted 
  to 
  a 
  ware 
  in 
  three 
  ways: 
  1) 
  by 
  the 
  

   production 
  of 
  a 
  raised 
  design; 
  2) 
  by 
  covering 
  the 
  ware 
  with 
  a 
  solid 
  

   color; 
  3) 
  by 
  the 
  decoration 
  of 
  the 
  surface 
  with 
  various 
  designs, 
  ap- 
  

   plied 
  to 
  the 
  ware 
  in 
  one 
  way 
  or 
  another. 
  Common 
  red 
  earthen- 
  

   ware 
  seldom 
  receives 
  any 
  decoration, 
  though 
  this 
  has 
  been 
  decorated 
  

   more 
  within 
  the 
  last 
  year 
  or 
  two. 
  Stoneware, 
  yellow 
  ware 
  and 
  

   Rockingham 
  ware 
  often 
  have 
  the 
  surface 
  ornamented 
  with 
  a 
  raised 
  

   design, 
  which 
  is 
  imparted 
  to 
  the 
  article 
  in 
  molding 
  it. 
  Stoneware 
  

   is 
  often 
  decorated 
  under 
  the 
  glaze 
  with 
  crude 
  designs 
  made 
  by 
  

  

  