﻿CLAYS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  815 
  

  

  tracing 
  the 
  figure 
  with 
  a 
  dull 
  point 
  and 
  some 
  coloring 
  matter, 
  which 
  

   remains 
  in 
  the 
  depressions 
  of 
  the 
  design. 
  Yellow 
  ware 
  is 
  frequently 
  

   ornamented 
  with 
  bands 
  of 
  various 
  colors. 
  

  

  In 
  majolica 
  the 
  coloring 
  materials 
  are 
  mixed 
  directly 
  with 
  the 
  

   glaze. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  the 
  decoration 
  of 
  white 
  earthenware 
  and 
  china, 
  however, 
  

   that 
  calls 
  forth 
  the 
  ingenuity 
  and 
  skill 
  of 
  the 
  potter. 
  White 
  wares 
  

   may 
  be 
  decorated 
  either 
  over 
  the 
  glaze 
  or 
  under 
  it. 
  In 
  the 
  former 
  

   the 
  decoration 
  is 
  applied 
  after 
  the 
  glaze 
  has 
  been 
  put 
  on 
  and 
  fired; 
  

   in 
  the 
  latter 
  the 
  decoration 
  is 
  put 
  on 
  the 
  biscuit 
  ware, 
  then 
  fired, 
  

   then 
  the 
  glaze 
  applied 
  and 
  the 
  ware 
  fired 
  again. 
  

  

  The 
  advantage 
  of 
  underglaze 
  decoration 
  is 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  more 
  durable, 
  

   the 
  decoration 
  being 
  protected 
  by 
  the 
  glaze, 
  and 
  oftentimes 
  the 
  

   effect 
  produced 
  is 
  prettier 
  than 
  when 
  the 
  colors 
  are 
  applied 
  on 
  the 
  

   glaze. 
  The 
  number 
  of 
  colors 
  which 
  can 
  be 
  used 
  in 
  underglaze 
  

   decoration 
  is 
  limited, 
  as 
  they 
  have 
  to 
  withstand 
  the 
  effect 
  of 
  the 
  

   heat 
  required 
  to 
  fuse 
  the 
  glaze. 
  The 
  colors 
  which 
  can 
  thus 
  be 
  used 
  

   are 
  blue, 
  brown, 
  green, 
  yellow. 
  It 
  is 
  on 
  this 
  account 
  that 
  hard 
  

   fired 
  porcelains 
  have 
  their 
  delicately 
  tinted 
  decorations 
  applied 
  over 
  

   the 
  glaze. 
  Pink, 
  for 
  instance, 
  has 
  to 
  be 
  applied 
  in 
  this 
  way, 
  and 
  so 
  

   does 
  gold. 
  

  

  An 
  imitation 
  of 
  underglaze 
  work 
  is 
  sometimes 
  made 
  by 
  applying 
  

   the 
  decoration 
  on 
  the 
  glaze 
  and 
  then 
  firing 
  until 
  the 
  glaze 
  softens 
  

   and 
  the 
  colors 
  sink 
  into 
  it. 
  

  

  Underglaze 
  work 
  was 
  the 
  prevalent 
  method 
  of 
  decoration 
  in 
  this 
  

   country 
  from 
  1845 
  to 
  1850. 
  It 
  was 
  then 
  abandoned 
  for 
  a 
  time, 
  and 
  

   in 
  the 
  last 
  10 
  years 
  the 
  method 
  has 
  been 
  steadily 
  regaining 
  favor. 
  

  

  All 
  designs 
  and 
  colors 
  were 
  formerly 
  applied 
  by 
  a 
  brush, 
  but 
  

   the 
  prevalent 
  method 
  now 
  is 
  by 
  printing. 
  The 
  design 
  is 
  engraved 
  

   or 
  etched 
  on 
  a 
  copper 
  plate; 
  the 
  reversed 
  print 
  is 
  then 
  made 
  on 
  

   specially 
  prepared 
  fine 
  paper. 
  This 
  is 
  applied 
  to 
  the 
  piece 
  of 
  pottery 
  

   to 
  be 
  decorated, 
  either 
  on 
  the 
  glaze 
  or 
  on 
  the 
  biscuit 
  ware. 
  The 
  

   paper 
  is 
  carefully 
  rubbed 
  so 
  that 
  every 
  portion 
  of 
  it 
  shall 
  come 
  in 
  

   contact 
  with 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  ware, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  then 
  allowed 
  to 
  stand 
  

  

  