﻿CLAYS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  833 
  

  

  ways 
  of 
  the 
  kiln, 
  no 
  grate 
  bars 
  being 
  used; 
  it 
  is 
  said 
  that 
  prac- 
  

   tically 
  no 
  fuel 
  is 
  cbai'ged 
  througli 
  the 
  small 
  openings 
  in 
  the 
  roof 
  

   of 
  the 
  kiln. 
  

  

  The 
  Hamilton 
  shale 
  is 
  also 
  utilized 
  in 
  the 
  western 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  state 
  

   at 
  Jewettville, 
  where 
  dry 
  pressed 
  and 
  also 
  stiff 
  mud 
  brick 
  are 
  made 
  

   from 
  it. 
  (See 
  detailed 
  account 
  of 
  brickyards, 
  p. 
  724) 
  

  

  Several 
  samples 
  have 
  been 
  collected 
  by 
  Prof. 
  I. 
  P. 
  Bishop 
  in 
  

   Erie 
  co., 
  and 
  tested 
  withTthe 
  following 
  results. 
  The 
  numbers 
  pre- 
  

   ceding 
  each 
  locality 
  refer 
  to 
  Prof. 
  Bishop's 
  notes. 
  

  

  No. 
  2. 
  Hamilton 
  shale 
  from 
  near 
  Windom. 
  Forms 
  a 
  bed 
  

   10-12 
  feet 
  thick. 
  When 
  ground 
  to 
  30 
  mesh, 
  it 
  took 
  22;^ 
  of 
  water 
  

   to 
  work 
  it 
  up. 
  The 
  mass 
  was 
  fairly 
  plastic. 
  The 
  tensile 
  strength 
  

   was 
  40 
  pounds 
  a 
  square 
  inch, 
  and 
  the 
  air 
  shrinkage 
  4^^. 
  

  

  At'. 
  03 
  the 
  total 
  shrinkage 
  was 
  9^. 
  The 
  brick 
  was 
  deep 
  red, 
  hard 
  

   and 
  semi-vitrified. 
  Vitrification 
  occurs 
  at 
  cone 
  1, 
  with 
  a 
  total 
  

   shrinkage 
  of 
  14^ 
  and 
  viscosity 
  at 
  4. 
  The 
  shale 
  is 
  slightly 
  calca- 
  

   reous, 
  and 
  the 
  soluble 
  salts 
  were 
  noticeable 
  on 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  

   dried 
  bricklet. 
  A 
  determnnation 
  of 
  these 
  showed 
  9^. 
  

  

  ^.o. 
  3 
  of 
  Bishop 
  is 
  a 
  5 
  foot 
  bed 
  above 
  the 
  preceding 
  one, 
  and 
  

   took 
  only 
  20;^ 
  of 
  water 
  to 
  work 
  it 
  up. 
  The 
  air 
  shrinkage 
  was 
  2^. 
  

   At 
  .06 
  the 
  total 
  shrinkage 
  was 
  4^; 
  the 
  color 
  of 
  the 
  bricklet 
  deep 
  red 
  

   when 
  incipient 
  fusion 
  had 
  been 
  reached. 
  It 
  vitrified 
  at 
  1 
  with 
  S^ 
  

   shrinkage. 
  Viscosity 
  began 
  at 
  4. 
  The 
  percentage 
  of 
  soluble 
  salts 
  

   was 
  6^. 
  The 
  analysis 
  yielded 
  : 
  

  

  Silica 
  57 
  . 
  30 
  

  

  Alumina 
  21 
  . 
  61 
  

  

  Ferric 
  oxid 
  6 
  . 
  50 
  

  

  Lime 
  2.52 
  

  

  Magnesia 
  1.50 
  

  

  Alkalis 
  

  

  Water 
  7.80 
  

  

  'No. 
  4 
  of 
  Bishop 
  is 
  from 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  Hamilton 
  shale 
  at 
  bridge 
  

   west 
  of 
  Websters 
  Oomers. 
  The 
  bed 
  is 
  5 
  to 
  6 
  feet 
  thick. 
  This 
  

  

  