﻿CLAYS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  845 
  

  

  MIITOR 
  USES 
  OF 
  CLAY 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  foregoing 
  pages 
  of 
  this 
  report 
  attention 
  has 
  been 
  given 
  

   entirely 
  to 
  those 
  uses 
  of 
  clay 
  which 
  depend 
  on 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  plas- 
  

   ticity 
  when 
  wet 
  and 
  hardness 
  when 
  burned. 
  There 
  are, 
  however, 
  

   several 
  other 
  directions 
  in 
  which 
  clay 
  or 
  shale 
  can 
  be 
  used, 
  in 
  either 
  

   the 
  raw 
  or 
  the 
  burned 
  condition. 
  At 
  times 
  the 
  plasticity 
  is 
  of 
  value 
  

   in 
  promoting 
  the 
  usefulness 
  of 
  the 
  clay 
  in 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  directions 
  

   about 
  to 
  be 
  discussed, 
  at 
  others 
  it 
  has 
  no 
  bearing 
  on 
  the 
  matter, 
  

   being 
  entirely 
  a 
  question 
  of 
  proper 
  chemical 
  composition. 
  The 
  

   minor 
  uses 
  of 
  clay 
  may 
  be 
  classed 
  under 
  the 
  following 
  heads: 
  

  

  Portland 
  cement 
  

  

  Mineral 
  paint 
  

  

  Clarifying 
  oils 
  and 
  fulling 
  cloth 
  

  

  Filling 
  paper 
  

  

  Food 
  adulterants 
  

  

  Ultramarine 
  manufacture 
  

  

  Polishing 
  and 
  abrasive 
  uses 
  

  

  Poad 
  material 
  

  

  In 
  engineering 
  work 
  for 
  making 
  puddle 
  

  

  Portland 
  cement 
  

  

  As 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  state 
  museum 
  bulletin 
  in 
  preparation, 
  discussing 
  

   the 
  lime 
  and 
  cement 
  materials 
  of 
  the 
  state, 
  this 
  question 
  need 
  not 
  

   be 
  gone 
  into 
  in 
  any 
  great 
  detail 
  in 
  the 
  present 
  report. 
  

  

  Portland 
  cement 
  is 
  made 
  of 
  a 
  mixture 
  of 
  clay 
  or 
  shale, 
  with 
  lime- 
  

   stone, 
  marl 
  or 
  chalk. 
  The 
  essential 
  ingredients 
  of 
  this 
  cement 
  are 
  

   silica, 
  alumina 
  and 
  lime, 
  the 
  first 
  two 
  being 
  supplied 
  by 
  the 
  argilla- 
  

   ceous 
  constituent, 
  and 
  the 
  third 
  by 
  the 
  calcareous 
  one, 
  the 
  lime 
  

   stone. 
  As 
  a 
  rock 
  containing 
  these 
  three 
  ingredients 
  mixed 
  in 
  

   exactly 
  the 
  right 
  proportions 
  is 
  seldom 
  found 
  in 
  nature, 
  it 
  is 
  conse- 
  

   quently 
  necessar}^ 
  to 
  mix 
  them 
  artificially. 
  Both 
  the 
  materials 
  are 
  

   ground 
  very 
  fine 
  in 
  order 
  that 
  they 
  be 
  intimately 
  mixed, 
  and 
  this 
  

  

  