﻿964 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  two 
  held 
  together 
  by 
  threads. 
  Jarring 
  of 
  infested 
  limbs 
  will 
  cause 
  them 
  

   to 
  drop 
  by 
  a 
  thread 
  in 
  much 
  the 
  same 
  manner 
  as 
  do 
  canker 
  worms. 
  

   Not 
  infrequently 
  a 
  leaf 
  is 
  fastened 
  to 
  an 
  apple, 
  and 
  the 
  caterpillar 
  works 
  

   into 
  the 
  fruit 
  under 
  its 
  protection. 
  The 
  character 
  of 
  the 
  injury 
  to 
  the 
  

   foliage 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  irregular 
  holes 
  eaten 
  in 
  the 
  fruit 
  is 
  well 
  shown 
  in 
  pi. 
  2, 
  

   fig. 
  5. 
  The 
  insect 
  pupates 
  normally 
  on 
  the 
  leaves, 
  preferably 
  in 
  the 
  

   shelter 
  of 
  a 
  folded 
  one, 
  though 
  the 
  pupa 
  may 
  frequently 
  be 
  found 
  with 
  

   no 
  protection. 
  It 
  is 
  prevented 
  from 
  falling 
  by 
  a 
  few 
  threads 
  spun 
  on 
  the 
  

   leaf 
  in 
  which 
  its 
  spiny 
  tip 
  is 
  fastened.. 
  The 
  moths 
  appear 
  about 
  10 
  to 
  12 
  

   days 
  later 
  and 
  undoubtedly 
  hibernate, 
  since 
  Prof. 
  Slingerland 
  has 
  kept 
  

   them 
  alive 
  nearly 
  to 
  Nov. 
  i. 
  If 
  such 
  be 
  the 
  case, 
  the 
  eggs 
  must 
  be 
  laid 
  

   in 
  the 
  spring, 
  possibly 
  on 
  the 
  unfolding 
  leaves. 
  

  

  This 
  insect 
  may 
  be 
  found 
  on 
  fruit 
  trees, 
  preferably 
  apple, 
  and 
  is 
  also 
  

   credited 
  with 
  being 
  injurious 
  to 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  forest 
  trees. 
  The 
  larva 
  of 
  

   the 
  form 
  described 
  as 
  Y. 
  quercipominella 
  fed 
  on 
  the 
  oak 
  apple, 
  

   the 
  gall 
  of 
  C 
  y 
  nip 
  s 
  spongifica. 
  

  

  Natural 
  enemies. 
  Little 
  is 
  known 
  about 
  these 
  beyond 
  the 
  record 
  

   by 
  Dr 
  Fitch, 
  which 
  states 
  that 
  numbers 
  of 
  these 
  caterpillars 
  are 
  destroyed 
  

   yearly 
  by 
  a 
  small 
  grub 
  or 
  maggot, 
  which 
  lives 
  within 
  the 
  larva 
  till 
  full- 
  

   grown, 
  when 
  it 
  leaves 
  its 
  victim 
  through 
  a 
  hole 
  perforated 
  in 
  the 
  side 
  and 
  

   spins 
  a 
  small, 
  white, 
  oval 
  cocoon, 
  which 
  is 
  commonly 
  shghtly 
  attached 
  

   10 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  leaf. 
  Dr 
  Harris 
  observed 
  that 
  about 
  50% 
  of 
  the 
  

   caterpillars 
  were 
  killed 
  by 
  this 
  beneficial 
  hymenopteron, 
  It 
  was 
  possibly 
  

   the 
  same 
  insect 
  which 
  was 
  reared 
  in 
  small 
  numbers 
  from 
  the 
  specimens 
  

   received 
  from 
  Albion. 
  An 
  example 
  of 
  this 
  parasite 
  was 
  sent 
  to 
  Washing- 
  

   ton 
  (D. 
  C), 
  where 
  it 
  was 
  determined 
  by 
  Mr 
  Ashmead 
  as 
  Dioctes 
  

   [Limneria] 
  salicicola 
  Ashm., 
  a 
  species 
  he 
  described 
  in 
  1890 
  

   from 
  a 
  single 
  specimen 
  reared 
  from 
  a 
  Gelechia 
  larva 
  in 
  a 
  willow 
  gall 
  

   taken 
  in 
  March 
  1872 
  at 
  London 
  (Ont.). 
  This 
  species 
  is 
  also 
  known 
  from 
  

   Texas. 
  The 
  parasite 
  is 
  a 
  minute 
  black, 
  four-winged 
  fly 
  with 
  bright 
  yel- 
  

   low 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  antennae, 
  on 
  the 
  under 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  fore 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  

   abdomen, 
  and 
  rufous 
  legs, 
  which 
  are 
  yellowish 
  at 
  the 
  base. 
  It 
  is 
  about 
  

   4 
  mm 
  long 
  and 
  its 
  grayish 
  white, 
  almost 
  cylindric 
  cocoon 
  is 
  nearly 
  5 
  mm 
  

   long 
  and 
  2 
  mm 
  in 
  diameter 
  {see 
  pi. 
  2, 
  fig. 
  7 
  and 
  8). 
  Prof. 
  Slingerland 
  

   reared 
  Ap 
  an 
  teles 
  perplexus 
  Ashm. 
  M.S., 
  which 
  he 
  thinks 
  may 
  

   be 
  the 
  form 
  alluded 
  to 
  in 
  1853 
  by 
  Dr 
  Fitch, 
  whose 
  description, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  

   it 
  goes, 
  applies 
  equally 
  well 
  to 
  both 
  parasites. 
  

  

  Apparently 
  quite 
  resistant 
  to 
  arsenical 
  poisons. 
  The 
  seri- 
  

   ously 
  injured 
  orchard 
  mentioned 
  by 
  Mr 
  Rose 
  was 
  sprayed 
  with 
  paris 
  

   green 
  when 
  the 
  apples 
  were 
  as 
  big 
  as 
  peas 
  and 
  again 
  a 
  week 
  before 
  the 
  

  

  