﻿REPORT 
  OF 
  THE 
  STATE 
  ENTOMOLOGIST 
  I9OO 
  983 
  

  

  prevent 
  leakage 
  of 
  the 
  gas 
  at 
  the 
  bottom. 
  A 
  short, 
  uncovered 
  space 
  was 
  

   always 
  left, 
  preferably 
  on 
  the 
  windward 
  side, 
  for 
  the 
  insertion 
  of 
  the 
  

   chemicals, 
  which 
  were 
  put 
  in 
  a 
  stoneware 
  crock. 
  The 
  necessary 
  amount 
  

   of 
  sulfuric 
  acid 
  was 
  diluted 
  by 
  turning 
  it 
  into 
  the 
  proper 
  amount 
  of 
  

   water, 
  taking 
  care 
  to 
  keep 
  the 
  water 
  stirred 
  while 
  adding 
  the 
  acid. 
  The 
  

   crock 
  containing 
  the 
  diluted 
  acid 
  was 
  then 
  placed 
  near 
  the 
  center 
  of 
  the 
  

   tent 
  but 
  not 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  tree, 
  and 
  the 
  potassium 
  cyanid, 
  previously 
  put 
  

   in 
  a 
  small 
  bag, 
  was 
  dropped 
  into 
  the 
  acid. 
  The 
  uncovered 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  

   sod 
  cloth 
  was 
  quickly 
  buried 
  with 
  earth 
  and 
  the 
  gas 
  allowed 
  to 
  act 
  about 
  

   35 
  minutes. 
  The 
  lines 
  guying 
  the 
  tent 
  were 
  then 
  released, 
  the 
  sod 
  cloth 
  

   uncovered 
  and 
  the 
  tent 
  quickly 
  raised 
  and 
  dropped 
  over 
  an 
  adjacent 
  

   tree. 
  It 
  is 
  quite 
  important 
  to 
  have 
  the 
  pole 
  on 
  the 
  windward 
  side 
  ot 
  the 
  

   tent 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  possible, 
  and 
  every 
  precaution 
  should 
  be 
  taken 
  to 
  avoid 
  in- 
  

   haling 
  the 
  deadly 
  gas. 
  

  

  The 
  trees 
  were 
  fumigated 
  Ap. 
  19, 
  20 
  and 
  21, 
  using 
  i 
  ounce 
  of 
  potas- 
  

   sium 
  cyanid 
  to 
  75, 
  100 
  and 
  150 
  cubic 
  feet 
  of 
  space 
  respectively. 
  It 
  was 
  

   planned 
  to 
  fumigate 
  all 
  the 
  trees 
  in 
  one 
  day, 
  but 
  a 
  good 
  breeze 
  and 
  

   trouble 
  with 
  the 
  outfit 
  compelled 
  the 
  extension 
  of 
  the 
  work 
  over 
  a 
  space 
  

   of 
  three 
  days. 
  

  

  Ojie 
  ounce 
  of 
  cyanid 
  to 
  1^0 
  cubic 
  feet. 
  Four 
  trees 
  were 
  treated 
  with 
  the 
  

   gas, 
  using 
  i 
  ounce 
  of 
  cyanid 
  of 
  potassium 
  to 
  150 
  cubic 
  feet 
  of 
  space. 
  

   The 
  condition 
  of 
  the 
  trees 
  prior 
  to 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  the 
  experiment 
  was 
  

   as 
  follows. 
  Tree 
  84, 
  a 
  globe 
  peach 
  9 
  feet 
  high, 
  was 
  moderately 
  infested 
  

   with 
  the 
  scale. 
  Tree 
  85, 
  an 
  old 
  Mixon 
  peach 
  12 
  feet 
  high, 
  was 
  badly 
  in- 
  

   fested 
  with 
  the 
  scale. 
  Tree 
  106, 
  a 
  Vermont 
  beauty 
  pear 
  10 
  feet 
  high, 
  was 
  

   moderately 
  infested, 
  and 
  tree 
  115, 
  a 
  Bartlett 
  pear 
  11 
  feet 
  high, 
  was 
  badly 
  

   infested. 
  

  

  Ap. 
  20. 
  Tree 
  106 
  was 
  treated. 
  The 
  buds 
  were 
  starting 
  a 
  little. 
  The 
  

   -day 
  was 
  bright, 
  and 
  the 
  exposure 
  to 
  the 
  gas 
  was 
  from 
  2.35-3.10 
  p. 
  m. 
  

   Equal 
  amounts 
  of 
  the 
  cyanid 
  and 
  sulfuric 
  acid 
  were 
  used 
  and 
  thrice 
  the 
  

   amount 
  of 
  water, 
  the 
  two 
  latter 
  being 
  measured 
  in 
  liquid 
  ounces. 
  

  

  Ap. 
  2 
  1. 
  It 
  was 
  cloudy 
  and 
  still 
  while 
  the 
  fumigation 
  of 
  these 
  three 
  

   trees 
  was 
  in 
  progress. 
  Tree 
  84 
  was 
  fumigated 
  from 
  9.44-1 
  0.19 
  a. 
  m., 
  

   using 
  2^ 
  ounces 
  of 
  cyanid, 
  3I 
  ounces 
  of 
  sulfuric 
  acid 
  and 
  yi- 
  ounces 
  of 
  

   water. 
  This 
  reaction 
  was 
  perfect 
  as 
  the 
  cyanid 
  was 
  turned 
  from 
  the 
  bag 
  

   into 
  the 
  diluted 
  acid. 
  The 
  buds 
  were 
  starling 
  a 
  little. 
  Tree 
  85 
  was 
  

   fumigated 
  from 
  9.02-9.37 
  a. 
  m., 
  the 
  same 
  am^ounts 
  of 
  the 
  chemicals 
  being 
  

   used 
  as 
  with 
  tree 
  84. 
  The 
  reaction 
  was 
  very 
  poor, 
  only 
  a 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  

   cyanid 
  being 
  acted 
  on, 
  which 
  was 
  probably 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  protection 
  

   afforded 
  by 
  the 
  bag. 
  Tree 
  115 
  was 
  fumigated 
  from 
  10. 
  49- 
  11. 
  24 
  a. 
  m., 
  using 
  

   the 
  same 
  amounts 
  of 
  chemicals 
  as 
  on 
  the 
  preceding 
  two. 
  

  

  