﻿986 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  and 
  it 
  was 
  also 
  not 
  entirely 
  effective 
  in 
  killing 
  the 
  scale. 
  Its 
  use 
  can 
  not 
  

   be 
  recommended 
  at 
  present. 
  

  

  Crude 
  petroleum. 
  The 
  20% 
  mechanical 
  emulsion 
  of 
  this 
  substance 
  

   easily 
  stands 
  as 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  satisfactory 
  sprays 
  to 
  be 
  used 
  on 
  dor- 
  

   mant 
  scale 
  insects 
  in 
  early 
  spring. 
  The 
  trees 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  uninjured 
  by 
  

   the 
  insecticide, 
  though 
  possibly 
  a 
  little 
  retarded, 
  while 
  a 
  large 
  proportion 
  

   of 
  the 
  scales 
  are 
  killed, 
  and 
  on 
  some 
  trees 
  it 
  would 
  appear 
  as 
  though 
  

   every 
  one 
  had 
  been 
  annihilated. 
  A 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  preceding 
  records 
  will 
  

   show 
  that 
  all 
  trees 
  treated 
  with' 
  this 
  substance 
  and 
  having 
  on 
  them, 
  July 
  2, 
  

   enough 
  young 
  to 
  warrant 
  the 
  designation 
  of 
  "somewhat 
  abundant 
  or 
  

   numerous 
  " 
  were 
  badly 
  or 
  very 
  badly 
  infested 
  with 
  this 
  scale 
  to 
  begin 
  

   with. 
  That 
  is, 
  each 
  of 
  these 
  trees 
  was 
  literally 
  incrusted 
  in 
  places 
  with 
  

   the 
  scale, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  those 
  classed 
  as 
  '' 
  very 
  badly 
  infested," 
  the 
  

   incrus-ation 
  was 
  of 
  considerable 
  extent. 
  It 
  was 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  very- 
  

   difficult 
  to 
  throw 
  enough 
  oil 
  on 
  these 
  places 
  to 
  kill 
  the 
  scale 
  and 
  at 
  

   the 
  same 
  time 
  avoid 
  injuring 
  the 
  trees. 
  Then 
  some 
  allowance 
  must 
  

   be 
  made 
  for 
  imperfections 
  in 
  spraying. 
  It 
  is 
  within 
  possibilities 
  

   to 
  cover 
  a 
  tree 
  with 
  a 
  nearly 
  uniform 
  coating 
  of 
  an 
  insecticide, 
  

   but 
  in 
  actual 
  practice 
  this 
  is 
  rarely 
  done. 
  It 
  will 
  also 
  be 
  noticed 
  

   that 
  in 
  spite 
  of 
  some 
  scales 
  being 
  found 
  in 
  early 
  July, 
  they 
  are 
  far 
  

   from 
  abundant 
  a 
  month 
  later. 
  The 
  infestation 
  is 
  still 
  kept 
  down 
  in 
  

   early 
  September, 
  though 
  naturally 
  greater 
  than 
  in 
  August. 
  The 
  reinfest- 
  

   ation, 
  to 
  some 
  extent, 
  of 
  petroleum-treated 
  trees 
  from 
  adjacent 
  ones 
  is 
  

   shown 
  by 
  the 
  much 
  greater 
  numbers 
  of 
  living 
  scales 
  found 
  on 
  the 
  side 
  of 
  

   tree 
  15, 
  next 
  to 
  tree 
  14, 
  the 
  latter 
  a 
  kerosene-treated 
  tree 
  literally 
  alive 
  

   with 
  the 
  young 
  pests. 
  Compared 
  with 
  kerosene, 
  a 
  mechanical 
  petroleum 
  

   emulsion 
  is 
  a 
  gratifying 
  success. 
  The 
  tests 
  with 
  25% 
  emulsion 
  do 
  not 
  

   give 
  markedly 
  different 
  results 
  from 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  more 
  dilute 
  mixture. 
  

   Scales 
  escaped 
  on 
  the 
  badly 
  and 
  very 
  badly 
  infested 
  trees 
  treated 
  with, 
  

   this 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  with 
  the 
  other. 
  The 
  results 
  are 
  not 
  enough 
  better 
  to 
  

   warrant 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  the 
  higher 
  per 
  cent 
  of 
  oil. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  source 
  of 
  great 
  

   pleasure 
  to 
  state 
  that 
  the 
  extensive 
  spraying 
  of 
  fruit 
  trees 
  infested 
  by 
  San 
  

   Jos6 
  scale 
  on 
  the 
  estates 
  of 
  L. 
  L. 
  Morrell, 
  Kinderhook 
  (N. 
  Y.) 
  and 
  of 
  

   W. 
  H. 
  Hart, 
  Poughkeepsie 
  (N. 
  Y.) 
  gave 
  substantially 
  the 
  same 
  results 
  as 
  

   those 
  above 
  recorded. 
  Mr 
  Hart 
  used 
  an 
  oil 
  obtained 
  from 
  the 
  Frank 
  

   oil 
  CO., 
  Titusville 
  (Pa.). 
  The 
  company 
  states 
  that 
  the 
  oil 
  supplied 
  Mr. 
  

   Hart 
  ran 
  above 
  43° 
  on 
  the 
  Beaume 
  oil 
  scale. 
  A 
  sample 
  sent 
  me 
  in 
  Feb- 
  

   ruary 
  1901, 
  tests 
  44.9° 
  and 
  their 
  oil 
  is 
  claimed 
  to 
  run 
  from 
  44° 
  to 
  

   45^. 
  Both 
  of 
  these 
  gentlemen 
  did 
  thorough 
  work 
  and 
  took 
  

   pains 
  to 
  go 
  over 
  their 
  trees^ 
  twice,^the 
  second 
  time 
  with 
  the 
  wind 
  

  

  