﻿gg6 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  large 
  portions 
  of 
  the 
  trunks 
  and 
  limbs 
  of 
  the 
  unfortunate 
  trees. 
  Plate 
  

  

  15 
  shows 
  the 
  condition 
  of 
  the 
  trunk 
  and 
  lower 
  limbs 
  and 
  plate 
  

  

  16 
  is 
  an 
  enlargement 
  of 
  a 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  preceding 
  and 
  gives 
  a 
  

   better 
  idea 
  of 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  caterpillars. 
  This 
  outbreak 
  occurred 
  in 
  a 
  

   large 
  orchard 
  of 
  vigorous, 
  fair-sized 
  trees. 
  It 
  was 
  not 
  far 
  from 
  a 
  small 
  

   piece 
  of 
  woods, 
  but 
  the 
  hosts 
  of 
  caterpillars 
  had 
  evidently 
  not 
  invaded 
  

   the 
  orchard 
  from 
  the 
  forest. 
  They 
  came 
  from 
  eggs 
  laid 
  on 
  the 
  trees, 
  and 
  

   their 
  hatching 
  had 
  probably 
  been 
  delayed 
  by 
  the 
  period 
  of 
  cold 
  weather 
  

   above 
  mentioned. 
  This 
  late, 
  sudden 
  outbreak 
  occurred 
  in 
  a 
  number 
  ot 
  

   orchards. 
  

  

  An 
  injury 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  ordinary 
  was 
  reported 
  by 
  E. 
  L. 
  Mitchell, 
  Clarks- 
  

   ville, 
  Albany 
  co. 
  His 
  red 
  and 
  blackcap 
  raspberries 
  suffered 
  severely 
  from 
  

   these 
  pests, 
  the 
  caterpillars 
  crawling 
  from 
  the 
  adjacent 
  woods 
  and 
  strip- 
  

   ping 
  the 
  leaves 
  from 
  the 
  plants 
  in 
  the 
  nearest 
  rows, 
  working 
  on 
  them 
  

   much 
  as 
  the 
  army 
  worm 
  does 
  when 
  it 
  invades 
  a 
  grain 
  field. 
  The 
  pests 
  

   were 
  present 
  in 
  such 
  large 
  numbers 
  as 
  to 
  threaten 
  the 
  defoliation 
  of 
  a 
  

   large 
  part 
  of 
  eight 
  acres 
  of 
  berry 
  bushes. 
  

  

  The 
  abundance 
  of 
  these 
  caterpillars 
  afforded 
  an 
  excellent 
  opportunity 
  

   for 
  experimentation 
  with 
  contact 
  insecticides. 
  Good's 
  caustic 
  potash 
  

   whale 
  oil 
  soap 
  no. 
  3 
  and 
  his 
  tobacco 
  whale 
  oil 
  soap 
  were 
  tried, 
  each 
  

   at 
  the 
  rate 
  of 
  1 
  pound 
  to 
  5 
  and 
  i 
  pound 
  to 
  10 
  gallons 
  of 
  water. 
  The 
  

   caterpillars 
  were 
  thoroughly 
  sprayed 
  as 
  they 
  were 
  clustered 
  on 
  the 
  trunks 
  

   and 
  limbs, 
  and 
  about 
  15 
  minutes 
  later 
  samples 
  of 
  the 
  victims 
  were 
  put 
  in. 
  

   cardboard 
  boxes 
  for 
  subsequent 
  observation. 
  The 
  stronger 
  solution 
  of 
  

   tobacco 
  whale 
  oil 
  soap 
  killed 
  within 
  a 
  few 
  days 
  a 
  considerably 
  larger 
  

   portion 
  of 
  the 
  caterpillars 
  than 
  the 
  other. 
  

  

  The 
  record 
  is 
  as 
  follows: 
  

  

  Good's 
  whale 
  oil 
  aoap 
  no. 
  j, 
  i 
  pound 
  to 
  s 
  gallons 
  

   June 
  8. 
  99 
  caterpillars 
  dead, 
  62 
  living 
  

   9. 
  6 
  caterpillars 
  dead 
  

   15. 
  16 
  caterpillars 
  dead 
  

   19. 
  10 
  caterpillars 
  dead 
  : 
  81.3% 
  of 
  the 
  total 
  killed 
  

  

  I 
  pound 
  to 
  10 
  gallons 
  

  

  June 
  8. 
  87 
  caterpillars 
  dead, 
  65 
  living 
  

   9. 
  5 
  caterpillars 
  dead 
  

   15. 
  23 
  caterpillars 
  dead 
  

  

  19. 
  14 
  caterpillars 
  dead 
  : 
  84.8% 
  of 
  the 
  total 
  killed 
  

   Good^s 
  tobacco 
  whale 
  oil 
  soap, 
  i 
  pound 
  to 
  j 
  gallons 
  

   June 
  8. 
  135 
  caterpillars 
  dead, 
  41 
  living 
  

   9. 
  5 
  caterpillars 
  dead 
  

   15. 
  20 
  caterpillars 
  dead 
  

   19. 
  4 
  caterpillars 
  dead 
  : 
  93.18% 
  of 
  the 
  total 
  killed 
  

  

  