550 The Philippine Journal of Science 1914 



proved by the fact that the forest has undergone rather severe 

 logging under this system without in any way losing its dip- 

 terocarp character and without appreciably reducing its volume 

 production. 



In the management of this forest, there are three systems from 

 which the forester can choose the one most suitable to the system 

 of utilization which is to be practiced. While, as stated above, 

 it is possible for him to apply a clear-cutting system, it is not 

 probable that any utilization conditions would demand that such 

 a system be installed. The timber is not large enough to neces- 

 sitate the installation of expensive steam machinery for the ex- 

 ploitation of the forest. And even if a company desiring to use 

 steam machinery should log the area it would not desire to cut 

 clean, as a large percentage of the volume lies in trees of 

 sizes which it could not utilize. If a large logging operation 

 were attempted in this forest, the shelter-wood system would 

 seem distinctly the most advisable. With this system, it would 

 be possible to remove all of the mature and overmature timber 

 and even a portion of that which has not as yet attained maturity 

 and still leave the forest in a condition which would insure the 

 development of a dense, even-aged stand composed largely of 

 dipterocarp species. The application of the diameter limit of 50 

 centimeters would, over most parts of the area, if logging were 

 complete, result in a shelter wood on the ground after logging 

 which would be all that could be desired. Naturally, however, 

 much better results could be obtained were the shelter-wood 

 system practiced under the supervision of a trained forest officer 

 and the trees for removal marked by him, after taking into con- 

 sideration the factors of reproduction for each locality. 



MOUNT MAQUILING 



As has been indicated in the discussion of the forest at present 

 existing on the lower slopes of Mount Maquiling, this forest is 

 typical of over-cut areas throughout the Islands. The dipter- 

 ocarp element has been reduced to a subordinate place in the 

 composition of the forest, with regard to both species and 

 volume composition. This result has come about through many 

 years of very selective logging, and all of the forest from the 

 edge up to 300 or 400 meters in elevation presents a condition 

 most difficult from the standpoint of management. According 

 to Whitford, there are about 51,800 square kilometers (20,000 

 square miles) where conditions similar to those above described 

 obtain. The quickest and most successful method of bringing 



