78 THE ANDES OF SOUTHERN PERU 



General Miller, 6 writing in 1836, mentions the villages of Incharate 

 (Echarati) and Sant' Ana (Santa Ana) but discourages the 

 idea of colonization " . . . since the river . . . has lofty moun- 

 tains on either side of it, and is not navigable even for boats." 



In the "Itinerario de los viajes de Raimondi en el Peru" 7 there 

 is an interesting account of the settlement by the Rueda family 

 of the great estate still held by a Rueda, the wife of Senor Duque. 

 Jose Rueda, in 1829, was a government deputy representative and 

 took his pay in land, acquiring valuable territory on which there 

 was nothing more than a mission. In 1830 Rueda ceded certain 

 lands in "arriendo" (rent) and on these were founded the haci- 

 endas Pucamoco, Sahuayaco, etc. 



Senor Gonzales, the present owner of Hacienda Sahuayaco, re- 

 cently obtained his land — a princely estate, ten miles by forty — 

 for 12,000 soles ($6,000). In a few years he has cleared the best 

 tract, built several miles of canals, hewed out houses and furni- 

 ture, planted coca, cacao, cane, coffee, rice, pepper, and cotton, 

 and would not sell for $50,000. Moreover, instead of being a 

 superintendent on a neighboring estate and keeping a shop 

 in Cuzco, where his large family was a source of great ex- 

 pense, he has become a wealthy landowner. He has educated a 

 son in the United States. He is importing machinery, such as a 

 rice thresher and a distilling plant. His son is looking forward 

 to the purchase of still more playa land down river. He pays a 

 sol a day to each laborer, securing men from Cotabambas and 

 Abancay, where there are many Indians, a low standard of wages, 

 little unoccupied land, and a hot climate, so that the immigrants 

 do not need to become acclimatized. 



The deepest valleys in the Eastern Andes of Peru have a 

 semi-arid climate which brings in its train a variety of unusual 

 geographic relations. At first as one descends the valley the 

 shady and sunny slopes show sharply contrasted vegetation. 



6 Notice of a Journey to the Northward and also to the Eastward of Cuzco, and 

 among the Chunchos Indians, in July, 1835. Journ. Royal Geog. Soc, Vol. 6, 1836, 

 pp. 174-186. 



7 Bol. Soc. Geog. de Lima, Vol. 8, 1898, p. 45. 



