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Fig. 127 — Topographic profiles across typical valleys of southern Peru. They are 

 drawn to scale and the equality of gradient of the gentler upper slopes is so close that 

 almost any curve would serve as a composite of the whole. These curves form the 

 basis of the diagram, Fig. 128, whereby the amount of elevation of the Andes in late 

 geologic time may be determined. The approximate locations of the profiles are as 

 follows: 1, Antabamba; 2, Chuquibambilla; 3, upland south of Antabamba; 4, Apurimac 

 Canyon above Pasaje; 5, Abancay; 6, Arma (Cordillera Vilcapampa) ; 7, divide above 

 Huancarama; 8, Huascatay; 9, Huascatay, farther downstream; 10, Rio Pampas. The 

 upper valley in 8 is still undissected; 7 is practically the same; 8a is at the level 

 which 8 must reach before its side slopes are as gentle as at the end of the preceding 

 interrupted cycle. 



(4,450 m.) ; several hundred miles farther north at Anta near 

 Cuzco, 11,000 feet to 12,000 feet (3,600 to 3,940 m.), and Fig. 129 

 shows typical conditions in the Vilcabamba Valley along the route 

 of the Yale Peruvian Expedition of 1911. The characteristic 

 slopes so clearly represented in these four photographs are the 

 most persistent topographic elements in the physiography of the 

 Central Andes. 



