158 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 



sumably, although he does not mention it, by the horny secretion 

 common to both, seems to me to be essentially artificial, as the 

 absence of spicules is not a safe diagnostic character in this 

 instance — I have a species of Anthelia which is without spicules 

 and one is mentioned by May — and further, the horny secretion 

 seems to be of a different nature, position, and perhaps origin 

 in the two species involved. 



I have recently received a specimen of Cornulariella modesta 

 Verrill in exchange from the United States National Museum. 

 From an examination of this specimen I can confirm Hickson's 

 decision that while this species is, no doubt, distinctly different 

 from the other known species of Clavularia, it agrees with them 

 in generic characters and shows no other distinctive characters 

 which would justify its separation to form the genus Cornu- 

 lariella. 



The genus Anthelia is the most abundant genus of the Cornu- 

 lariidse found on the reefs of the Philippines. It is especially 

 abundant in inclosed bays, such as the one at Port Galera, 

 Mindoro, where it is present on all the shallower parts of the 

 reefs. It forms incrusting growths over dead coral, debris, 

 stones, and on the hard sand bottom. We have one specimen 

 carried on the back of a Dromia-like crab, which it entirely 

 covers in much the same way as the sponge does the closely 

 related Cryptodromia tuberculata Stimpson as described by 

 Cowles." The commonest species agrees very well with An- 

 thelia fuliginosa (Ehrbg.) Kiikenthal.^- We have a large series 

 of specimens of this very variable species preserved in formalin, 

 showing all the forms mentioned by Kiikenthal, including the 

 "sympodium purpurascens" form which seems distinct enough to 

 be considered a separate species. In life A. fuliginosa is rich vel- 

 vety brown or brownish green, the color being due, as in most 

 reef Alcyonaria, to the presence in the endoderm of large num- 

 bers of symbiotic unicellular algae of the Zooxanthella type. The 

 long flexible polyps with slender, extended, and constantly mov- 

 ing tentacles have a strikingly flowerlike appearance. Anthelia 

 fuliginosa is common in the Red Sea, and according to Kiiken- 

 thal ^^ is the only species of the genus to be found there. May 

 has reported it from Zanzibar,^^ and its wide distribution in the 



" Cowles, R. P., The habits of some tropical Crustacea, This Journal, 

 Sec. D (1913), 8, 119. 



" Uber einige Korallenthiere des Rothen Meeres. Festschrift zum sieb- 

 zigsten Geburtstag von Ernst Haeckel, Denks. Med. Natm: Ges., Jena 

 (1904), 11, 43. 



"Jena. Zeitschr. f. Naturw. (1899), 33. 



