190 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 



date from the days of low-power lenses, have been commonly 

 repeated without reexamination and perpetuated to the present 

 day. Thus Ulopa is described as having the posterior tibise 

 armed only with soft hairs, whereas under the compound micro- 

 scope short stout spines are to be found, in distribution very 

 similar to those of Signoretia, only smaller. Even Stal said of 

 Ulopa, "tibiis posticis inermibus." In spite of the fact that Kir- 

 kaldy had dubbed Ulopa a membracid, it is very closely related to 

 Megophthalmus and the Stenocotinse, its former separation being 

 very inexact and artificial. A significant indication is the posses- 

 sion by most of these insects of a most remarkable type of sculp- 

 turation, consisting of pits, in each of which is a small setigerous 

 tubercle. The structure of the fore margin of the head in Ulopa 

 calls to mind Pythamus and the Stenocotinse, a small triangular 

 field indicating a vestige of ocellar sulcus, although the ocelli are 

 apparently absent. The extraordinary tuberculate pitting of the 

 surface would make the identification of ocellar rudiments diffi- 

 cult. Another and unrelated genus, Aglena, commonly reported 

 as without ocelli and placed in the Tettigoniellidse, when ex- 

 amined under the compound microscope exhibits rudiments of 

 ocelli on the extreme anterior margin of the head, and is a true 

 jassid, as its general habitus would suggest. The profound 

 impression of the facial sutures in Ulopa gives it a unique ap- 

 pearance, but its front is no more swollen than that of Signoretia 

 tagalica. The armature of the hind tibiae is scarcely difi'erent 

 from that of Signoretia in anything except size, and the tibise 

 are similarly sulcate. It also has the same strong ledges above 

 the antennal scrobes, the superior frontal suture continuous 

 below the margin of the vertex, and the veins of the tegmina 

 basally strongly elevated. Evidently Ulopa represents a group 

 very close indeed to the Stenocotidae as recognized here. The 

 genus Moonia of Distant, with some of its relatives, is likewise 

 more closely related to these forms than to the Bythoscopidas 

 (excluding the eurymelids), where it has been placed. 



On the other hand, Megophthalmus, the Stenocotin^, Signo- 

 retia, Preta, and Pythamus exhibit a striking similarity in the 

 structure of the head and in the position of the ocelli. The 

 ocelli are set in broad or narrow, more or less profound sulci 

 below the border of the vertex and above the margin of the 

 front. The sculpturation of all these insects is very heavy, 

 consisting largely of very coarse pitting or striation, which 

 usually extends on to the more or less coriaceous tegmina. The 

 vertex of all is more or less excavated or carinate, or occasionally 

 both. The antennae are seated in deep scrobes beneath a more 



