X, D. 5 Wileman: Japanese Lepidoptera, Part II 285 



the sixth segment (counting from and including the head) . 

 Apatura substituta has the same number of yellow oblique 

 stripes, namely five, which are not red-margined. No mention is 

 made by Stichel of the dorsal tubercle or spine on segment 8 ; this 

 is an important point, and if this spine does not exist in the larva 

 of ilia, it at once separates the two species. A figure of this 

 dorsal spine is given in Plate I, fig. 4 ; apparently it is composed 

 of four small tubercles. As the larva is represented in fig. 4 in a 

 lateral position, I am unable to say positively whether this spine 

 is single or paired on the dorsum. The artist did not draw a 

 figure showing an upper dorsal aspect of the larva, and I made no 

 note at the time as to whether the spine on the dorsum was single 

 or paired. It is probably paired. However, this point is of 

 minor importance, as ilia apparently possesses no dorsal spine. 

 A reference to the figure of this larva given in Berge's Schmet- 

 terling-Buch shows no dorsal spine nor does mention of it 

 appear in his description. Lang " remarks of the larva of ilia 

 that it is — 



very similar to that of iris Linn., but somewhat smaller and of a yellowish 

 colour, except on the ventral surface. The cephalic horns are bordered 

 with yellow. Feeds on Salix and several kinds of Populus, chiefly Populus 

 alba. 



Lang also does not mention the presence of a spine on the 

 dorsum, and as these two authors could hardly have overlooked 

 such an important character, I believe that substituta is a species 

 distinct from ilia. 



Pupa. — The pupa of Apatura substituta is figured on Plate I, 

 figs. 7, 8. Pryer states that "the green pupa mimics a young 

 willow leaf, both in shape and colour." It has faint white 

 oblique stripes on the dorsum, and with the exception of this 

 agrees with Stichel's description of the pupa of ilia. 



Genus VANESSA Fabricius 



Vanessa Fabricius, Illiger's Magazin (1807), 6, 281; Stichel, Seitz's 

 Macrolep. of the World, Faun. Pal. (1909), 1, 200. 



Vanessa canace Linnaeus. 



Plate I, fig. 17, larva; fig. 18, food plant. 



Japanese name, murasaki-tateba or ruri-tateba. 



Papilio canace Linn., Syst. Nat. (1767), 12, 779. 



Vanessa canace Leech, Butterf. of China, Japan, Corea (1892-1893), 

 1, 255; Stgr. and Rebel, Cat. Lep. Pal. (1901), 1, 26, No. 163; 

 Kershaw, Butterf. Hongkong (1907), 41, PI. V, fig. 2, $; PI. 6a, 

 fig. 5, larva; fig. 6, pupa; MiYAJiMA, Jap. Butterf. [Nihon Chorui 



"Butterfl. Eur. (1884), 157, PI. 35, fig. 1. 



