286 I'he Philippine Journal of Science 1915 



Dzusetsu (Jap.)] (1904), 113, PL X, fig. 8; Matsumura, Cat. Insect. 



Jap, (1905), 1, 9, No. 68; Matsumura, Thousand Insects of Japan 



[Nihon Senchu Dzukai (Jap.)] (1907), 4, 91, PI. 70, fig. 12, ?; 



Stichel, Seitz's Macrolep. of the World, Faun. Pal. (1909), 1, 205, 



PI. 63c; Fruhst., Seitz's Macrolep. of the World, Faun. Indo-austral. 



(1912), 9, 527. 

 Papilio charonia Drury, 111. Exot. Entom. (1710), 1, PI. XV, figs. 



1, 2. 

 Vanessa charonia Pryer, Rhop. Nihon (1889), 27, PL VII, fig. 4. 

 Vanessa glauconia MOTSCHULSKY, Etud. Entom. (1857), 6, 28 (= no- 



japonica Sieboid). 



Stichel and Fruhstorfer ^^ give the following races and sub- 

 species of Vanessa canace which are connected with China, Japan, 

 and Formosa, and I have given a precis of their remarks. 

 Fruhstorfer says: 



V. canace, widely distributed from North to South, inclines to geographi- 

 cal differentiation. Two general types can be recognized: The first, 

 peculiar to the Japanese and Philippine Islands, displays before the apex 

 of the forewing a white spot, whereas in the second type, which belongs 

 to the Indian-Malayan region, this spot is blue. 



Of the first group Fruhstorfer records the three following 

 insular races : 



races and SUBSPECIES OF VANESSA CANACE 



WHITE-SPOTTED RACES 



Vanessa no-japonica Sieboid (= glauconia Motsch.) ; subspecies insular 



race (1, 206, Pis. 63c and d, c? 2, figured as charonia Drury; 9, 427) ; 



Siebold's older name of no-japonica has to be retained instead of 



glauconia Motsch. for this subspecies. From Japan (Honshu), also in 



the southern Japanese islands as far as Oshima and Okinawa in the 



Loochoo Islands (Ryukyu), Korea. The female in two forms (? 



seasonal). 



Vanessa siphnos Fruhst.; subspecies, insular race (? seasonal form), 1, 



206; 9, 527, PL 117, fig., c?). From Ishigakishima, most southern 



of Loochoo Islands (Rsnikyu). 



Vanessa benguetana Semper (9, 527) ; subspecies, very near to no-japonica 



Seib. ; from northwestern Luzon, Philippines, at 3,800 feet [about 



1,200 meters]. 



I have taken this form in Luzon at from 1,700 to 2,000 meters (5,000 to 



6,000 feet), in November and December, from Baguio up to the Cervantes 



trail leading to Bontoc. It was of frequent occurrence on the Cervantes 



trail at about 2,000 meters elevation below Pauai (Haight's), but not 



many specimens were observable at about 2,100 meters, which is the 



elevation of Haight's place. The female of this species is a remarkably 



large and handsome form. I have .also found the larva feeding on a species 



of Smilax and obsei'ved the female ovipositing on the same plant, which 



grows commonly in the mountains of Benguet. Semper records it during 



July and August. 



"Seitz's Macrolep. of the World, 1, 205, and 9, 527. 



