288 'J'he Philippine Journal of Science i9i5 



broad yellow ring on each segment. Branches of spines nearly black. 

 Full grown, each segment narrowly banded transversely with black and 

 pale yellow, these latter bands narrower than the black. Each segment 

 also broadly banded transversely with orange, spotted with black, the 

 spines being set in these bands. Seven longitudinal rows of stout, pale 

 yellow spines, or processes, spined laterally at the top with black and up 

 the stems with pale yellow spinelets, the tips black. Head black bristly with 

 black hairs, with the suture narrowly marked in orange. The first spine 

 of the central dorsal row is on the fifth segment, the last spine on the 

 twelfth or penultimate segment. The two last segments irregularly 

 marked with black and orange, with a large sub-circular black spot above 

 the anus. Prolegs black, ringed at the base with orange. Underside 

 chiefly black, but banded narrowly with whitish, something like the upper 

 surface. After the late molts, when nearing pupation, the stems of the 

 spines become white, and the pale yellow transverse bands on the body 

 also are nearly white. 



Pupa angular, two rows of sharp processes down the back of the abdo- 

 men, and other very small processes on the dorsal surface. Head deeply 

 cleft, the two parts sharply pointed and curved inwards. General colour 

 deep purple-brown, variously marked with reddish ; a silver marking on each 

 side of the back of the thorax, each marking divided into two by a trans- 

 verse brown line. After some days the four lowest processes (just above 

 the silver spots) become dark red-gold. Attached by the tip only, without 

 a band. 



Although the eggs seem to be always laid on S. china, and the larvae 

 are there found, yet they vdll generally eat several other species of Smilax. 



The following descriptions of the larva and pupa are taken 

 from various authors:^* 



Vanessa canace Linn. "Larva. Segments alternately orange and white, 

 with numerous black spots on the orange segments and black streaks on the 

 white; seven white, branching, black-tipped spines on each orange segment." 

 (Hampson.)^'^ 



"Pupa. Variegated reddish brown, with frontal gold and silver spots; 

 head produced and bifid." (Hampson.) 



Vanessa canace, race haronica Moore. "Larva. Light red; spotted with 

 black, the segments divided by blackish and purple lines; anal segment 

 slightly humped; segments armed with eight longitudinal rows of yellow 

 branched spines: head and legs black. Feeds on Smilax." (Moore.)" 



Pupa. — "Reddish brown; abdominal segment with two dorsal rows of 

 small reddish pointed tubercules; thorax angular; head-piece produced and 

 bifid." (Moore.) 



Imago. — "Usually a very wary, easily scared insect, it is occasionally 

 seized with unaccountable fits of boldness, and I have more than once seen 

 it settle again and again on a moving jinrikisha in a crowded street. It 

 is on the wing throughout the year, though most numerous in autumn. 



"See Fauna of Br. India, Butterflies (1905), 1, 372. 

 "Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. (1888), pt. 2, 355. 



"Lepidoptera of India (1899-1900), 4, 94, PI. 315, figs. 2, 2a, 2b, larva 

 and pupa, c? ?. 



