X, D, 6 Wileman: Notes on Japanese Lepidoptera, III 347 



the British Museum collection. Staudinger remarks that the 

 female of falcigera Butler appears to be the female of Euphranor 

 caeca Oberthiir (the type of which is a female) , or of a species 

 very closely allied to the latter. I am inclined to share the 

 same opinion and have provisionally included E. caeca as a 

 synonym of T. falcigera. Euphranor caeca is placed by Staudin- 

 ger and Seitz in Oherthilria of the Bombycidse. Possibly fal- 

 cigera is referable to this genus and not to Theophila, as the 

 larvae of Theophila falcigera and Theophila mandarina are very 

 different in form and color, although they have this special 

 point in common that they both exhibit the same form of pro- 

 tective mimicry alluded to by Poulton under pseudaposematie 

 colors.* 



Theophila mandarina has two eyelike spots on each side of 

 segment 4, which is much swollen, and when segments 1 (head) 

 to 3 are withdrawn into segment 4, the larva assumes the 

 threatening snakelike attitude of a Chaerocampa larva alluded 

 to by Poulton.'^ 



I am also inclined to think that Andraca gracilis Butler, the 

 type of which is a female, is a form of falcigera Butler. An^ 

 draca gi^acilis is possibly the normal female of caeca (= falci- 

 gera) , while the typical female falcigera is probably a dark 

 variety. I have only one male specimen of falcigera, taken at 

 Tobetsu, Hokkaido (Yezo), July 20, 1902, which agrees in 

 markings with Oberthiir's male caeca, but not in size nor in color. 

 I am inclined to think that caeca is merely a light fawn-colored 

 ("fauves ailes") form of falcigera. 



Butler's type of Lagyra falcigera (?) was from Hakodate, Hokkaido 

 (Whitely) . Butler's type of Andraca gracilis (5) was from Nikko, 

 Honshu (Pryer). Oberthiir's type of caeca (c?) was from Askold 

 Island, eastern Siberia. Askold Island is situated on the coast 

 opposite Hokkaido (Yezo). 



Pupa. — The pupa is inclosed in a smooth, light golden brown, 

 semitransparent cocoon, stiff in texture. It has a transverse 

 slit at the top like the cocoon of Rhodinia fugax Moore, which 

 belongs to the Saturniidse. 



Local distribution. — Theophila falcigera: Hokkaido (Yezo), 

 Junsai Numa, near Hakodate, July, 1 male, 1 female. Matsu- 

 mura records the species from Hokkaido (Yezo) and Honshu. 



General distribution. — Theophila caeca, eastern Siberia (Us- 

 suri?) ; T. falcigera, Japan; T. gracilis, Japan. 



* See Wileman, loc. cit. ^ Loc. cit. 



