348 'J^he Philippine Journal of Science ms 



Theophila mandaiina Moore. 



Plate II, fig. 5, larva; fig. 6, food plant. 



Japanese names, kuwago; yama-kaiko. 



Theophila mandarina MoORE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. (1872), 576, PL 83, 

 fig. 5; Seitz, Macrolep., Faun. Pal. (1911), 1, 190, PI. 351, c?. 



Bombyx mandarina Leech, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. (1888), 626,No. 222; 

 Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (1898), 271, No. 22; Matsumura, 

 Injurious Jap. Insects (Nihon Gaichuhen) (1899), 55, fig. 1, imago, 

 c?; fig. 2, ovje; fig. 3, larva; Matsumura, Cat. Insect. Jap. (1905), 

 1, 48, No. 391; Matsumura, Thousand Insects of Japan [Nihon 

 Senchu Dzukai (Jap.)] (1909), suppl. 1, 138, PI. 13, fig. 18, c?. 



Bombyx fuscata Motsch., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1866), 39, 1, 192. 



The larva figured (Plate II, fig. 5) was taken September 8, 

 1902, at Hakodate, Oshima Province, Hokkaido (Yezo), on 

 mulberry, named in Japanese kuwa. This larva died without 

 passing through its metamorphoses, but I bred one male and 

 three females from similar larvae, which are common on mulberry 

 trees. 



Larva. — The following description of the larva is taken from 

 my original figure: Color, grayish brown; segments 4 and 5 

 abnormally distended dorsad; on segment 4 a subdorsal, black 

 ocelluslike spot, ringed internally with red and externally with 

 black ; on segment 6 a black ocelluslike spot, ringed internally 

 with gray and externally with black; a short caudal horn. 



This larva is another striking example of the form of protec- 

 tive mimicry exhibited by its near ally Theophila falcigera 

 Butler, which has been alluded to in the notes on the latter species. 



Matsumura ^ records the life history of this species under 

 Bombyx mori var. mandarina Moore and gives figures of the 

 ovse, larva, and male imago. 



He says that in Hokkaido it is single-brooded and hibernates 

 in the ova stage. The ovse, which are deposited in rows on 

 mulberry twigs, hatch in the following spring. The larva spins 

 its cocoon after the fourth molt in precisely the same way as 

 the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori Linn. However, owing 

 to the fact that it lives in a wild state, it takes a longer time 

 in attaining full growth and does not spin its cocoon until the 

 end of July or the beginning of August. The cocoon, which is 

 of an ashy white or ashy yellow color, is spun in a curled up leaf, 

 and the imago emerges in about two weeks. 



Pupa. — The pupa is inclosed in a flimsy yellowish cocoon 

 spun in the leaves of the mulberry. It is of no use for silk, as the 

 thread cannot be reeled. 



"Injurious Jap. Insects (Nihon Gaichuhen) (1899), 55, PI. 24, figs. 1 to 3. 



