350 '^he Philippine Journal of Science 1915 



resembles, the unexpanded leaf buds of the willow and thus 

 effects concealment from its enemies. 



Fortunately, owing to the researches of Nagano, the well- 

 known authority on Japanese lepidopterous larvae, I am now able 

 to give the figure of this larva, which has been identified by me 

 from Nagano's figures as that of Euchloris difficta Walker. 

 Nagano has published a description of the larva and its habits, 

 accompanied by three figures representing its dorsal and lateral 

 aspects.* 



The figures of my larva agree very well with those given 

 by him, and I have no doubt as to its identity. Nagano, however, 

 has not succeeded in portraying so faithfully, as has my artist, 

 the exact mimetic resemblance of this larva to the unexpanded 

 leaf buds of a willow. The figure in my plate (fig. 6) re- 

 presents the larva at rest, and in this position, while it lies 

 flat along the willow twig, it exactly resembles willow buds in 

 various stages of expansion. The caudal lobes of the larva, 

 which are green, represent the more developed stage of the buds ; 

 the cephalic lobes, the undeveloped buds. This position imparts 

 to it a most deceptive protective resemblance and thus secures 

 it immunity from its enemies when it is quiescent. 



Larva. — The following description is taken from my original 

 figure : Length, 32 millimeters. Segments 2 to 9 acutely bilobed ; 

 the lobes of segments 2 to 5 brownish black, those of segments 

 6 to 8 green; segments 9 to 11 brownish black; with pale medio- 

 dorsal and spiracular stripes; ventrum brownish black. 



Leech states that Warren considers Phorodesma gratiosaria 

 Bremer, from eastern Siberia, as identical with Euchloris difficta. 

 A comparison of Nagano's figures of the male and female imagoes 

 of difficta with the female imago figured by Bremer seems to 

 confirm this opinion and, therefore, I have included gratiosaria 

 as a synonym of difficta. 



Nagano states that he has not discovered the ova of this 

 species, but that the larva probably hatches in April, feeding 

 on kawa-yanagi and kori-yanagi. Matsumura in his Catalogue 

 of Japanese and foreign plants of Japan gives Salix purpurea L. 

 as the botanical name of kawa-yanagi and S. purpurea var. 

 multinervis Fr. and Sav. as that of kori-yanagi ; both are willows. 

 My larva was taken some time previous to May 5, when it 

 was figured. The insect pupates from May to June and the adult 

 emerges from June to July. Nagano took his specimen May 19 ; 

 it pupated June 2, and the adult emerged June 20. Nagano 



'Insect World (Konchu Sekai) (1909), 13, PI. 5, figs. 1-8. 



